ANAPHY

• Human Anatomy and Physiology

  Study of the structure and function of the human body
• Coordinated function of all the parts of the human body

  • Allows us to interact with our surroundings by adjusting how the body responds to changes in environmental information
• Information


  Comes from inside and outside of the body
• Changes


  Serve as stimuli
• Provides basis for understanding disease
• Important for students who plan a career in health science
• Allows us to distinguish between useful medical treatments and those that may be harmful
• Anatomy


  Scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body
• Dissect


  Cut apart; separate
• Examines the relationship between structure of a body part and its function
• Approaches to studying anatomy

  • Systematic anatomy
  • Regional anatomy
• Systematic anatomy

  Study of the body by systems
• Systems


  • Cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, and muscular system
• Regional anatomy

  Study of the organizations of the body by areas
• Areas


  • Head, abdomen, arm
• Approach taken in most medical and dental schools
• Ways to examine the internal structure


  • Surface anatomy
  • Anatomical imaging
• Surface anatomy


  Study of external features that serves as landmarks for locating deeper structures
• External features


  • Bony projections
• Anatomical imaging

  Use of x-rays, ultrasounds, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures
• Both surface anatomy and anatomical imaging provide important information for diagnosing disease
• Physiology

  Scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things
• Recognize structures as dynamic rather than fixed and unchanging
• Goals in studying physiology


  • To understand and predict the body's responses to stimuli
  • To understand how the body maintains internal conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of continually changing internal and external environment
• Human physiology


  Study of specific organisms, the human
• Cellular physiology


  Study of the activities that take place in a cell to keep it alive
• Systemic physiology


  Study of specific organ systems, such as how they function
• Structural levels of the human body

  • Chemical level
  • Cell level
  • Tissue level
  • Organ level
  • Organ system level
  • Organism level
• Chemical level


  Involves how atoms interact and combine into molecules
• Molecule's structure determines its function
• Cell level


  Cells are the basic structural and functional units of organisms
• Molecules combine to form organelles, small structure that make up cells
• Tissue level


  Tissue is a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them
• Characteristics of the cells and surrounding materials determine the function of the tissue
• Primary types of tissues

  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
• Organ level


  Organ is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common function
• Organ system level


  Organ system is a group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of function
• Coordinated activity of the organ systems is necessary for normal function
• Dysfunction in one organ system can have profound effect on other systems due to the interrelated of the organ systems
• Organism level


  Living thing considered as a whole