QUIZ FUNDA SKILLS

• Medication


  A substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of symptom or for prevention of disease
• Prescription


  The written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug
• Purposes of medication

  • Diagnostic purpose
  • Prophylaxis
  • Therapeutic
• Brand name or trade name


  The name given by the drug manufacturer and identifies it as property of the company
• Generic name


  The drug's active ingredient that makes it work, derived from the chemical name
• Uses of drugs

  • Prevention
  • Diagnosis
  • Suppression
  • Treatment
  • Cure
  • Enhancement
• Types of drug preparation


  • Aerosol spray or foam
  • Aqueous solution
  • Aqueous suspension
  • Caplet
  • Capsule
  • Cream
  • Extract
  • Gel or Jelly
  • Liniment
  • Lotion
  • Lozenge
  • Ointment
  • Paste
  • Pill
  • Powder
  • Suppository
  • Syrup
  • Tablet
  • Tincture
  • Transdermal Patch
• Effects of drugs


  • Therapeutic effect
  • Side effect
  • Adverse effects or reactions
  • Drug toxicity
  • Drug allergy
• Routes of administration


  • Oral
  • Sublingual
  • Buccal
  • Parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous)
  • Topical (dermatologic preparations, instillations and irrigations)
  • Transdermal patches
  • Inhalations (nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers)
• Parenteral administration generally acts more rapidly than topical or enteral administration, with onset of action often occurring in 15–30 seconds for IV, 10–20 minutes for IM and 15–30 minutes for SC
• Types of medication orders

  • Stat order
  • Routine order
  • PRN order
  • Standing order
• Applying a medicated patch

  1. Remove patch from protective covering

  2. Hold patch without touching adhesive edges

  3. Apply patch by pressing firmly with palm of hand for 10 seconds
• Removing medicated patch


  1. Remove patch at appropriate time

  2. Fold medicated side to inside so it is covered
• Inhalations


  Administered into the respiratory tract by a nebulizer or positive pressure breathing apparatus
• Nebulizers


  • Deliver most medications administered through inhaled route
  • Used to deliver fine spray of medication or moisture to a client
• Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)


  Pressurized container of medication that can be used by the client to release the medication through mouthpiece
• Types of medication orders

  • STAT order
  • Single order
  • Standing order
  • PRN order
• STAT order


  Indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once
• Single order


  One time order for medication to be given once at a specified time
• Standing order


  • May or may not have a termination date
  • The standing order may be carried out indefinitely
• PRN order


  Permits the nurse to give a medication when, in the nursing judgement, the client requires it
• 12 Rights of Medication Administration

  • Right client
  • Right drug
  • Right dose
  • Right route
  • Right time
  • Right assessment
  • Right evaluation
  • Right documentation
  • Right drug presentation
  • Right motivation and approach
  • Right to refuse
  • Right of the client to know the reason of the drug to be administered
• 6 Rights of Medication Administration (International Standard)


  • Right client
  • Right medication
  • Right dose
  • Right route
  • Right time
  • Right documentation
• Medication administration abbreviations


  • STAT order
  • ASAP order
  • Single order
  • PRN order
  • Standing orders
  • Ac
  • AM
  • BID
  • Cap
  • Gtts/Mgtts
  • IM
  • Pc
  • PO
  • PM
  • PRN
  • QID
  • Q2h, q4h, q6, q8, q12
  • Rx
  • STAT
  • Ad lib
  • NPO
  • HS
  • DAT
  • GLD
  • SD
  • SQ or SC
  • SL
  • MAR
  • RTC
  • VS
  • NVS
  • GCS
  • CBR
  • BRAT/C diet
  • O.U
  • O.S
  • O.D
• Guidelines in giving medications


  • Nurses who administer medications are responsible for their actions
  • Question any order that is illegible or incorrect
  • Call the person who prescribed the medication for clarification
  • Be knowledgeable about the medications you administer
  • Use only medications that are in a clearly labeled container
  • Do not use liquid medications that are cloudy or have changed color
  • Calculate drug doses accurately
  • Administer only medications personally prepared
  • Identify the client correctly before administering a medication
  • Do not leave medications at the bedside
  • Record omitted medications and reasons
  • Report medication errors immediately
  • Check medication expiration dates
• Check 3x for safe medication administration


  1. Read the MAR and verify client name and room number

  2. Compare the label of the medication against the MAR

  3. Recheck the label on the container against the MAR before giving the medication
• Safety considerations


  • Plan medication administration to avoid disruption
  • Dispense medication in a quiet area
  • Avoid conversation with others
  • Follow agency's no-interruption zone policy
  • Prepare medications for one patient at a time
  • Follow the Rights in giving medications
  • Check that the medication has not expired
  • Perform hand hygiene
  • Check room for additional precautions
  • Introduce yourself to the patient
  • Confirm patient ID using two identifiers
  • Check Allergy band and ask about allergies
  • Complete necessary assessments and document
  • Provide patient education as necessary
  • Stop and do not administer if patient questions or expresses concern
• Medication error


  Unintended mistakes in the prescribing, dispensing and administration of a medicine that could cause harm to a patient
• Main types of medication errors

  • Prescription errors
  • Transcription/interpretation errors
  • Preparation errors
  • Administration errors