science module 1 and 2

• Digestion is a complex process of turning the food you eat into nutrients, which body uses for energy and growth and cell repair needed to survive.
• digestive system is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules for absorption
• peristalsis is an involuntary wave of muscle contractions that moves food along the digestive tract
• ingestion is the process of taking in food or drink by the mouth, nose, or other orifice
• assimilation is where the digested food is absorbed by the walls of the intestine are carried to the different organs of the body through blood vessels
• egestion is the expulsion of undigested food from the body
• absorption where the digested food passes through the blood vessels in the wall of intestine
• egestion or excretion is the removal of undigested food from the body
• mouth it is where the food is chewed and mixed with saliva and then swallowed
• esophagus it delivers food from the mouth to the stomach, muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach
• stomach holds the food in the stomach and breaks it down into smaller pieces
• small intestine is made up of three segments, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum where it continues the process of breaking down food by using enzymes
• pancreas secretes enzymes into small intestine
• liver to make and secrete bile and to also cleanse and purify the blood coming from the small intestine containing the nutrients just absorbed
• gallbladder pear-shaped reservoir that sits just under the liver and stores biles it is also in contact in sending bile to the small intestine
• large intestine waste products from the digestive process include undigested parts of food, fluid and older cells from the lining of your GI tract
• rectum lowwer end of your large intestine stores stool until it pushes stool out of your anus during bowel movement\
• anus last part of digestive tract, external opening of the rectum through which feces are expelled
• teeth mechanically breakdown food into small pieces
• tongue mixed food with saliva
• epiglottis flap of tissue that folds over your wind pipe to prevent choking
• salivary glands produce saliva in your mouth
• incisors bite and cutting
• canines grasping and tearing
• pre-molars grinding and crushing
• molars grinding and crushing
• the tongue pushes food and forms a ball called bolus
• the bolus is passed through the pharynx and epiglottis to make sure that the bolus is not blocked and passed through the esophagus
• acid kills any invading bacteria or viruses
• enzymes break down proteins and lipids
• mucus protects the lining of the respiratory tract from pathogens
• duodenum is the tube that runs
• jejunum absorption of nutrients
• ileum compacts the left overs
• small intestine is the last part of digestion
• digestion is the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
• cell cycle is the continual cycle of growth, cell division, and death of a cell
• interphase is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and copies its DNA
• dna is deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer of nucleotides
• G1 phase is the growth phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication