Science G8

• Constipation: a condition in which the bowel movements are few, resulting in hard, difficult, or incomplete stools
• Hemorrhoids: swollen veins in the anus or rectum. May be caused by forced defecation or straining.
• Gastritis: inflammation of the lining of the stomach or mucosa.
• Peptic Ulcer: A sore in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum.
• Appendicitis: a serious medical condition in which the appendix becomes inflamed and painful.
• Appendectomy: a surgical operation to remove the appendix
• Diarrhea: when your stool feels loose and watery, and you have frequent bowel movements
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe two common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
• Vitamin A Deficiency: is the primary cause of blindness and other forms of optical disorders
• Iron Deficiency: One of the most common nutritional deficiencies in the world. A lack of iron may lead to anemia.
• Calcium Deficiency: Calcium is essential for building strong bones and teeth, regulating muscle contractions, and maintaining healthy nerves and blood vessels.
• Thiamine (Vitamin B-1) Deficiency: Thiamine, is necessary for the functioning of the nervous system.

  A lack of thiamine often results in weight loss, fatigue, and confusion, and in worse case scenarios may lead to Dementia.
• Niacin (Vitamin B-3) Deficiency: Often leads to Pellagra, a condition characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Niacin is a mineral that aids in the conversion of food into energy.
• Folate (Vitamin B-9) Deficiency: Often results in anemia, and can cause birth defects. Vitamin B-9 is specially crutial for the development of the fetus.
• Vitamin D Deficiency: Osteoporosis, Rickets. Vitamin D is essential for a healthy skeletal system.
• Rickets: a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs.
• Osteoporosis caused by a lack of calcium and vitamin D can lead to porous, brittle bones that fracture or crack easily.