HAZARDS

• A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions.
• A hazard is often associated with a condition or activity that can cause undesired consequences such as injury or illness if left uncontrolled.
• Natural Hazards

  • Beyond human control

  • Hydro-meteorological hazards

  • Geologic hazards

  • Biological hazards

  • Astronomical hazards
• Human-induced Hazards

  • Due to accidents, carelessness or inability to implement protective measures.

  • Fire

  • Industrial and technological hazard

  • Arson, terrorism and war
• Different Perspectives of Disaster:

  • Physical Perspective

  • Psychological Perspective

  • Socio-cultural Perspective

  • Economic Perspective

  • Political Perspective

  • Biological Perspective
• PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER


  • Injuries

  • Physical disabilities or illness

  • Sanitation

  • Damage in infrastructure
• PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER


  • physical effects

  • grief/isolation

  • interpersonal effect

  • guilt feeling

  • helplessness

  • lack of trust

  • insecurities

  • distress

  • hopelessness

  • intrusion/avoidance

  • emotional effects

  • hatred/revenge

  • cognitive effects

  • dependence
• SOCIOCULTURAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER


  • change in individual roles

  • disruption of social relationships and personal connections.
• ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF DISASTER


  • loss of life

  • unemployment

  • loss of property

  • loss of household articles

  • loss of crops

  • loss of public infrastructure
• POLITICAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER


  • People who have trust in political institution will assess the government’s risk assessments as credible and accept their hazard policies. (Johnson)
• POLITICAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER


  • Low level of trust in public institutions

  therefore means that citizens may ignore the recommendations and disregard the information provided by these institutions (McCaffey)
• POLITICAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER


  • If individuals are confident that they will receive sufficient aid from the government when a disaster occurs, they might not be motivated to take measures on their own

  (King and Kang).
• BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER


  • The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind of disease or virus in an epidemic or pandemic level is known as biological disaster.
• EPIDEMIC LEVEL


  Biological disaster affects large numbers of people within a given

  community or area. Ex: Dengue
• PANDEMIC LEVEL


  Biological disaster affects a much large region, sometime spanning entire continents or the globe. Ex. Corona Virus
• BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER


  • loss of lives

  • public demobilization

  • negative economic effect

  • unemployment

  • hunger
• A disaster happens when the probable destructive agent, the hazard, hits a vulnerable populated area.
• HAZARD ANALYSIS


  It is the process of recognizing hazards that may arise from a system or its environment, documenting their unwanted consequences and analyzing their potential causes.
• HAZARD REDUCTION STEPS

  1.) Identification- look for hazards

  2.) Assessment and evaluation decide who might be harmed, how and to what extent

  3.) Control – precautionary measures

  4.) Monitoring and Reviewing- periodic checking for continuous improvement