Ethnic differences in education

• What do Cultural deprivation theorists argue about intellectual and linguistic skills

  Cd theorists argue this is the reason children from ethnic minorities underachieve. Children from these backgrounds lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences which poorly equips them for school.
• Bereiter and Engellman

  • Language in black american families is disjointed, ungrammatical and fails to communicate abstract ideas. Therefore does not equip them with the language required for educational success.
• Swell (2009) fathers, gangs and culture

  • Argues black boys' underachieve because of a lack of fatherly nurturing/tough love (firm, fair respectful discipline).
  • Instead, the fatherless boys turn to street gangs, where they get perverse loyalty & love. Here, their male role model is one of anti-school black masculinity.
• • Arnot (2004)- this is the 'ultra-tough ghetto superstar' that's reinforced by MTV and rap lyrics.

  Sewell therefore says black boys' underachievement comes from their cultural differences in socialisation and poor attitude to education.

  Academic black boys are labelled 'sell-outs' and subject to peer pressure by the gangs.