ucsp

• Kinship


  Social institution that refers to relations formed between members of the society
• Descent


  Origin or background of a person in terms of family or nationality, a biological relationship
• Principles of Descent/Methods of Tracing Kinship

  • Unilineal descent
  • Patrilineal descent
  • Matrilineal descent
  • Bilateral descent
• Consanguineal kinship


  Kinship based on blood, the most basic and general form of relations
• Affinal kinship


  Kinship based on marriage, the type of relations developed when a marriage occurs
• Endogamy


  Compulsory marriage within their own clan or ethnic group
• Exogamy


  Out-marriage, marriage outside their own clan or ethnic group
• Monogamy


  Marriage where an individual has only one spouse at a time
• Polygamy


  Marriage of having more than one spouse at a time, including polygyny and polyandry
• Polygyny


  Marriage of one man having multiple female partners at the same time
• Polyandry is believed to be more likely in societies with scarce environmental resources
• Referred marriage


  Marriage where someone finds their partner through friends, relatives or people who act as matchmakers
• Arranged marriage


  Marriage decided by the parents of the groom and bride
• Types of Arranged Marriages

  • Child marriage
  • Exchange marriage
  • Diplomatic marriage
  • Modern arranged marriage
• Affinal Kinship


  Kinship connection that results from marriage, can be broken if the marriage dissolves
• Post Marital Residency Rules

  • Patrilocal residence
  • Matrilocal residence
  • Biolocal residence
  • Neolocal residence
  • Avunculocal residence
• Compadrazgo


  Kinship by ritual, spiritual parents of a child
• Nuclear family


  Family made up of a married couple and their biological or adopted children
• Extended family


  Family made up of two or more nuclear families in a household, including three or more generations
• Blended family


  Family where both parents have children from previous marital relationships but all members stay in one household
• Conditionally separated family


  Family where a member is separated from the rest of the family due to employment, military service, sickness, etc.
• Transnational family


  Family who lives in more than one country, due to employment or military service of parents
• Families play an essential role in the development of Philippine society, its culture, and politics
• Political dynasties


  Family members involved in politics for several generations in the Philippines
• Political alliances


  Political parties aligning or agreeing to cooperate for common political agenda, to ensure victory in elections or guarantee passage of legislation
• Social institutions


  Organized set of elements such as beliefs, rules, practices and relationships that exist to attain social order
• Social institutions


  Well-established and structured relationships between groups of people that are considered fundamental components of a society's culture
• Primary examples of social institutions

  • Family
  • Economy
  • Education
  • Health
  • Religion
• Economy


  A social institution organized around production, consumption and distribution of goods and services
• Views to address economic questions

  • Liberal economists - the questions regarding the resources of the society should be determined by the market
  • Socialists - believe that the bourgeoisie or the social class that largely controls the means of productions would have an overwhelming control over the free-market economy
• Bourgeoisie


  Those involved in the financial sector like bankers, industrialists and owners of corporation
• Modes of exchange in economic institutions

  • Reciprocity
  • Transfers
  • Redistribution
  • Market transactions
• Reciprocity


  The voluntary giving or taking of objects without the use of money, in the hopes that in the future, they could be given back
• Reciprocity


  • Utang na loob - an act of kindness or favor that is expected to be given in return
• Forms of reciprocity


  • Generalized reciprocity - exchange of goods and services without a definite time frame of when the favor should be returned
  • Balanced reciprocity - exchange that occurs between groups or individuals with the donor expecting to receive something of equal or similar value
  • Negative reciprocity - groups try to maximize their gains while giving as little as possible
• Government transfer or transfer payments are a redistribution of wealth and income where no goods or services are being given to the donor in return
• In every economy in the world, importance is placed upon the Circular Flow Model that details economic processes and how they impact individuals, the market, consumption, and production of goods
• All professional and service employees of the Philippines are required to pay their income taxes to the government
• Public goods provided through various programs and activities that benefit citizens

  • Retirement and disability benefits
  • Medical benefits
  • Unemployment insurance
  • Education and training
• An important quality of transfers that could greatly benefit the economy is that all donors of transfer payments do not expect to receive something in return