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• Hazard - The potentials for damage to man and his environment that may result from the occurrence of natural events such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, and storm surges.
• Steps in Identification of Hazards and Risk Assessment:

  • Hazard Identification
  • Risk Assessment
  • Make the changes
  • Checking the changes made
• Health Hazards Classification:

  • Chemical Hazards
  • Physical Hazards
  • Biological Hazards
  • Ergonomic Hazards
• Biological Hazards

  • Microbiological
  • Macrobiological
• Microbiological - bacteria, viruses, molds, fungi and protozoa
• Macrobiological - Insects, parasites, plants and animals
• The Routes of Exposure: Both chemical and biological can enter a person's body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact.
• Physical Hazards: Noise, Vibration, Illumination, Temperature, Pressure, and Radiation
• Ergonomics - the process of designing or arranging workplaces, products, and system so that they fit the people who will use them.
• Ergonomics: Fit the Task to the Person
• Ergonomic Hazard Examples

  • Improperly Designed tools or work areas
  • Poor Posture
  • Frequent and improper lifting or reaching
  • forceful motion
  • poor visual conditions
• Physical Hazards - noise, vibration, radiation, inadequate illumination, temperature extremes
• Chemical Hazards - dusts, gases, vapors, fumes, mists
• Biological Hazards - viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, insects
• Ergonomic Hazards - exhaustive physical exertions, excessive standing, improper motions, lifting heavy load, job anatomy, workplace stress
• Safety - freedom from harm, injury, and loss
• Accident - an undesired event which result in serious injury/illness but may result to property damage
• Incident - an unexpected occurrence that does not result to serious injury/illness but may result to property damage.
• Causes of Accident are Classified as: Unsafe Condition and Unsafe Act
• Unsafe Condition - seen as a physical or chemical property in the material
• Unsafe Act - a violation of safe procedure
• three steps to control accidents work-related injury/illnesses: Identify (Risk Identification), Evaluate (Risk Assessment), and Correct (Control)
• Hazard Identification - Electrocution and Tripping Hazards
• Risk - is the combination of the likelihood of a hazardous event occurring and the consequence of the event.
• Risk = Likehood x Consequence
• Risk = (Probability x Severity)
• Immediate dangerous - stop the process and implement controls
• High risk - investigate the process and implement controls immediately
• medium risk - keep the process going; however, a control plan must be developed and should be implemented as soon as possible
• low risk - keep the process going, but monitor regularly. A control plan should also be investigated
• Very low risk - keep monitoring the process
• Correct/ Control the Hazard

  • Engineering Control
  • Administrative Control
  • Personal Protective Equipment
• Hierarchy of Controls: Elimination, Substitution, Engineering COntrols, Administrative Controls, and PPE
• Elimination - physically remove the hazard
• Substitution - replace the hazard
• Engineering Controls -- isolate people from the hazard
• Administrative Controls - Change the way people work
• PPE - protect the worker with Personal Protective Equipment
• Organic Solvents - Vapor
• Acids/BAses - mists