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Psychology
Attachment
Stages of Attachment
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Created by
Darylle Raymundo
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Cards (12)
Who studies stages of Attachment?
Schaffer
&
Emerson
How many babies did they study? Where?
->
30
babies -
31
Males/
29
Females
-> From
Glasgow
, Scotland
Hoe many times did S&E visit? What did they ask the mothers?
-> Visited
every
month
for the first
12
months and then again at the
18th
month
-> Asked what kind of
protests
was shown in
7
everyday
separations
?
What are their findings?
->
25-32
weeks -
50
% showed
separation anxiety
to
specific
attachments (mainly
mother
)
->
40
weeks -
80
% had a
specific
attachment /
30
% displayed
multiple
attachments
What did Schaffer & Emerson do with their results?
Proposed a way that
attachment
is
developed
in
4
stages -
Stages of Attachment
Name the Stages of Attachment
Asocial
stage -
first
few
weeks
Indiscriminate
Attachment -
2-7
months
Specific
Attachment -
7-12
months
Multiple
Attachments -
12months
+
What are characteristics of Asocial Stage?
-> Babies
recognising
and
forming
bonds with
carers
>>
behaviour
to
humans
and
objects
are
similar
>> show
preference
to
familiar
faces
that can
calm
them
>>
happier
in human
presence
What are the characteristics of Indiscriminate Attachment?
-> Display
observable
&
social
behaviour
>>
preference
to
humans
over
objects
>> accept
cuddles
/
comfort
- not much
separation
/
stranger
anxiety
What are the characteristics of Specific Attachment?
-> Display
stranger
/
separation anxiety
>> due to a
specific
attachment formed - the person who offer most
interactions
with
What are the characteristics of Multiple Attachments?
->
Extending
attachment
behaviour
to others they
normally
spend
time
with -
secondary
attachment
>> by age
1
- majority develop
multiple
attachments
STRENGTH - External Validity
-> Research has good
external validity
->
Observations
made by mothers during
everyday activities
- reported to
researcher
-> If
researcher
was present to
record
- could
distract
baby
Highly that
babies behaved naturally
while being
observed
can be
generalised
to
everyday situations
LIMITATION - bias (counterpoint)
-> Issue with mothers being
observers
- unlikely to be
objective
-> can be
bias
in what they
report
- may not be
significantly
important or
mis-remembered
even if behaved
naturally
- not
accurately
recorded