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Cards (26)

  • Major objectives of emergency and medical treatment
    • Preserve live / save life
    • Prevent deterioration before more definitive treatment can be done / prepare patient for definitive care
    • Restore the patient to useful living / minimize disability
  • Assess and Intervene
    1. PRIMARY SURVEY
    2. A airway
    3. B breathing
    4. C circulation
    5. D disability
    6. E expose
  • GLASCOW COMA SCALE
    15 Highest score
  • SECONDARY SURVEY
    1. Complete History and P/A
    2. Diagnostic and laboratory testing
    3. ECG, Arterial lines, urinary catheters
    4. Splinting of suspected fractures
    5. Cleaning and dressing of wounds
    6. other necessary interventions
  • TRIAGE
    • Sorting of clients based on the severity of health problems
    • Hierarchy based on the potential for life loss
  • Field Triage
    • COLOR CODING:
    • Red= immediate, life threatening (severe injuries but high potential for survival with treatment)
    • Yellow= delayed, significant injuries (serious injuries but not immediately life-threatening)
    • Green= minimal, minor injuries (walking wounded)
    • Black= expectant, extensive injuries or dead
  • Shock
    A depressed condition of many body functions due to the failure of enough blood to circulate throughout the body following serious injury
  • Causes of shock

    • Severe bleeding
    • Infection
    • Heart attack
    • Perforation
    • Anaphylaxis
    • Shell bomb and bullet wound
    • Rupture of tubal pregnancy
    • Drowning injury
    • Loss of circulation
  • Factors that contribute to shock

    • Pain
    • Rough handling
    • Improper handling
    • Continual bleeding
    • Exposure to extreme cold or heat
    • Fatigue
  • Dangers of shock

    • Lead to death
    • Predisposes body to infection
    • Lead to loss of body part
  • Signs and symptoms of shock

    • Pale or cyanotic face
    • Skin cool and clammy
    • Breathing rapid
    • Pulse rapid and weak
    • Nausea and vomiting
    • Weakness and thirst
    • Decreased urine output
    • If condition deteriorates, victim may become apathetic or relatively unresponsive with sunken eyes, dilated pupils, congested blood vessels, very low blood pressure, and unconsciousness
  • Objectives of first aid for shock

    • Improve circulation of blood
    • Ensure an adequate supply of oxygen
    • Maintain normal body temperature
  • Wound
    A break in the continuity of a tissue of the body, either internal or external
  • Classifications of wounds

    • Closed wound
    • Open wound
  • Closed wound

    • Involves the underlying tissues without break/damage in the skin or mucous membrane
    • Caused by blunt forces that result in contusion or bruising
  • Symptoms of closed wound

    • Pain and tenderness
    • Swelling
    • Discoloration
    • Hematoma
    • Uncontrolled bleeding
    • Thirst
    • Vomiting or coughing up blood
    • Blood in the urine or rectum
    • Bruising along the nose, ear, or gum
  • First aid for closed wound

    • Ice application
    • Compression
    • Elevation
    • Splinting
  • Open wound

    • Break in the skin or mucous membrane, with damage to the protective skin layer
  • Classifications of open wounds

    • Puncture wound
    • Abrasion
    • Laceration
    • Avulsion
    • Incision
  • Dangers of open wounds

    • Hemorrhage
    • Infection
  • First aid for open wound with severe bleeding

    • Control the bleeding
    • Cover the wound
    • Call for emergency help
    • Continue or refer to physician
  • Types of open wounds

    • Incision - clean cut with well-defined edges
    • Laceration - tear with irregular edges
    • Avulsion - partial or full thickness skin loss
    • Abrasion - wearing away of supporting tissues
  • Hematoma
    Blood trapped under the skin
  • Factors that increase suicide risk
    • Loss of a loved one
    • Loss of care or integrity
    • Elderly people, young adults, and those with a lot of stress
    • Unemployed, living alone, depressed
    • Poor self-image, previous suicide attempt
  • Suicide management

    • Treat the consequences of suicidal attempt
    • Crisis intervention to prevent further injury
    • Close monitoring, finding support system, psychiatric referral, medication, counseling
  • Types of suicide attempts

    • Physical
    • Chemical
    • Suffocation