LIVING CELL BIO

• Biology

  The study of life
• Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck


  • French scientist credited with coining the term "biology"
• Biology is defined as the science of life and living organisms
• Every living thing is composed of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. It contains all of the materials necessary for life
• The different kind of cells are organized into different complex structures, each performing specialized functions
• Cell


  The basic unit of life
• Cell concept


  • Microscopic observations of dead cork tissue by scientist Robert Hooke in 1665
• Robert Brown


  • Discovered the central part of the cell - the nucleus
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden


  • Defined the cell as the basic unit of plant structure

  
• Theodor Schwann


  • Defined the cell as the basic unit of animal structure

  
• All living things are made up of one or more cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
• All cells come from preexisting cells
• Cell theory


  Schleiden and Schwann
• Cell membrane


  • Keeps the cytoplasm in place, allows nutrients in and waste out
• Cell wall


  • Provides strength and supports the cell membrane
• Chloroplast


  • Responsible for carrying out photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll
• Nucleus


  • Control center of the cell, controls all cellular activities
• Nuclear membrane


  • Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell
• Nucleolus


  • Stores materials used to produce ribosomes in the cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm


  • Found outside the nucleus, clear, thick, jellylike material that holds the other cell structures
• Ribosome


  • Tiny grain-like organelles that produce proteins
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)


  • Looks like flattened sacs stacked side by side or a cloth folded back and forth, types are rough ER (protein synthesis) and smooth ER (lipid synthesis)

  
• Golgi apparatus


  • Cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell
• Mitochondria


  • The "powerhouse" of the cell, stores energy as ATP
• Lysosome


  • Small, round structures involved in the digestive activities of the cell, destroy worn out or damaged organelles
• Cell membrane is also known as semi-permeable
• Lipids are found in your blood which produces cholesterol, it helps the smooth ER detoxify toxins
• Cyto = cell, Plasm = stuff
• Cell theory:

  all living things are made up of one or more cells

  cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

  all cells come from preexisting cells