Leadership crimes

• Professional Roles and Responsibilities of Nurses in Healthcare

  • Advocate
  • Communicator
  • Caregiver
  • Collaborator
  • Educator
  • Change Agent
• Laws Applicable in the Nursing Profession

  • RA 9288 The Newborn Screening Act
  • EO 51 The Milk Code of the Philippines
  • RA 7600 Breastfeeding and Rooming-In Act
  • RA 11210 The Expanded Maternity Leave Benefits Act
  • RA 8187 The Paternity Leave Act
  • RA 1080 The Civil Service Act of the Philippines
  • RA 7170 The Organ Donation Act
  • RA 11223 The Universal Health Care Act
  • RA 10912 Continuing Professional Development Act
• Felony


  Any act or omission punishable by law (deltos). Committed not only by deceit (dolo) but also by means of fault (culpa)
• Offense


  Crimes punishable under special laws
• Misdemeanor


  A minor infraction of the law
• Tort


  An act or omission that gives rise to injury or harm and amounts to a civil wrong for which courts impose liability
• Classification of Felonies According to the Manner of Commission

  • Dolo or Deceit - there is deceit when the acts are performed with deliberate intent
  • Culpa or Fault - there is fault when the wrongful act results from imprudence, negligence, lack of foresight, or lack of skill
• Classification of Felonies According to the Stages of Execution

  • Consummated - A felony is consummated when all the elements necessary for its execution and accomplishment are present
  • Frustrated - It is frustrated when the offender performs all the acts of execution which would produce the felony as a consequence but which, nevertheless, do not produce it by reason of causes independent of the will of the perpetrator
  • Attempted - There is an attempt when the offender commences the commission of a felony directly by overt acts and does not perform all the acts of execution which should produce the felony by reason of some cause or accident other than his own spontaneous desistance
• Classification of Felonies According to the Gravity of Offense

  • Grave Felony - Those to which the law attaches the capital punishment or penalties which in any of their periods are afflictive
  • Less Grave Felony - Those which the law punishes with penalties which in their maximum period are correctional
  • Light Felony - Those infractions of law for the commission of which the penalty of arresto menor or fine not exceeding 200 pesos or both is provided
• Classification of Felonies According to the Degree of Participation

  • Principal - Those who take a direct part in the execution of the act, those who directly force or induce others to commit it, those who cooperate in the commission of the offense by another act without which it would not have been accomplished
  • Accomplice - The one who has direct participation or cooperation, but such participation or cooperation is not vital nor indispensable to consummating the criminal act
  • Accessory - Those who, having knowledge of the commission of the crime and without having participated either as principal or accomplices
• Circumstances Affecting Criminal Liabilities

  • Justifying Circumstances - The act causing injury or death to another person is justified, hence, no one shall be criminally liable
  • Exempting Circumstances - Although there was really a crime committed, no liability will be attached due to reason of public policy
  • Mitigating Circumstances - Those acts, although resulting in criminal liability, will reduce or lessen the penalties imposable
  • Aggravating Circumstances - Those circumstances that cause an increase in the penalty imposable
  • Alternative Circumstances - Those, which must be taken into consideration as aggravating or mitigating according to the nature and effects of the crime and the other conditions attending its commission
• Applicable Crimes Under the Revised Penal Code


  • Illegal Association, Falsification by private individual and use of falsified documents, False medical certificates, false certificates of merits or service, etc, Using false certificates, False testimony against a defendant, False testimony favorable to the defendant, False testimony in civil cases, Direct bribery, Indirect bribery, Parricide, Murder, Homicide, Giving assistance to suicide, Infanticide, Intentional abortion, Unintentional abortion, Abortion practiced by the woman herself or by her parents, Abortion practiced by a physician, midwife and dispensing of abortives, Mutilation, Serious physical injuries, Kidnapping and serious illegal detention, Abandonment of person in danger and abandonment of one's own victim, Abandoning a minor, Light threats (Draw of weapon, threat), Unjust Vexation, Rape, Simulation of births, substitution of one child for another and concealment or abandonment of a legitimate child, Libel by means of writings or similar means, Threatening to publish and offer to present such publication for a compensation, Slander
• Other Applicable Laws

  • RA 9173 Philippine Nursing Act of 2002
  • Nursing Personnel Convention No. 149 International Labor Organization
  • PD No. 442 The Labor Code of the Philippines
  • RA 7305 The Magna Carta for Public Health Workers
  • PD 856 Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
  • PD 651 The Birth and Death Registration Act
  • PD 996 Expanded Program on Immunization
  • PD 825 Proper Garbage Disposal Act
  • RA 6675 The Generics Act
  • RA 11332 The Law on Prescribing Procedures on Surveillance and Response to Notifiable Diseases, Epidemics and Health Events of Public Health Concern
  • RA 6969 Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act
  • RA 7877 Anti-Sexual Harassment Act
  • RA 8344 No-Deposit Policy During Emergency Cases
  • RA 9439 An Act Prohibiting the Detention of Patients in Hospitals and Medical Clinics on Grounds of Nonpayment of Hospital Bills or Medical Expenses