workmea

• WORK MEASUREMENT – application of technique designed to establish the time required for a qualified worker to perform a task at a defined level of performance. - Investigating, reducing and
• TIME STUDY – art of observing and recording the time required to do detail element of an operation.
• MANUAL – handling of tools
• MENTAL – time for thinking over some operations
• . MACHINING TIME – time taken by machines
• PRODUCT COSTING – the longer the time of operation, the higher the cost of the product
• DELIVERY – to ensure that customer’s demand will be delivered on time
• .CAPACITY ANALYSIS – to determine the maximum plan or quota for the day
• EQUIPMENT PURCHASE – if machine time is too long, possible additional machine will help if plan cannot be reduced.
• EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT – to provide process improvement to increase the production
• LABOR EQUIPMENTS – if process can be improved and plan cannot
• WAGE PAYMENT DETERMINATION – the higher the process time, the higher the wage
• TIME RECORDING METHOD - machine that has paper tape which rotates on two rollers at uniform speed.
• MOTION PICTURE CAMERA - uses camera that is driven at constant speed of several ranges. Time taken by each film can be calculated. - Most accurate method but used for high precision work
• STOP WATCH METHOD - Recording of time that uses a stop watch
• STANDARDIZE THE METHOD OF WORKING - Time study will not be accurate if process to be studied is not standardized
• SELECT THE OPERATOR FOR STUDY - Select the consistent worker whose performance should be average or close to average so that observed times are close to normal times
• BREAK THE TASK INTO ELEMENT - Each operation is divided into a number of elements. - This is done for easy observation and accurate measurement
• Manual and Machine time must be separated
• Constant and variable elements must be identified
• DETERMINE NUMBER OF CYCLES TO BE MEASURED - Accuracy will also depend on the number of cycles to be taken
• MEASURE THE TIME OF EACH ELEMENT - Time will be taken using a stopwatch. The time measured from the stop watch is known as observed time
• . DETERMINE STANDARD RATING - Rating is the measure of efficiency of a worker
• DETERMINE THE ALLOWANCE - A worker cannot work all the day.
• DETERMINE THE STANDARD TIME - Standard time is the combination of Normal time and allowances
• Snapback method - knob of stopwatch is pressed to stop it at the end of each element of operation and is again restored after nothing the time required for completing the previous operational element.
• Continuous method - the stopwatch is allowed to run continuously and at the end of each operation reading of watch is noted and written in the time study record sheet
• Accumulated method - direct reading of each operational element is taken by the help of two watches connected with a level mechanism
• observed time - refers to time measured in performing a specific task
• normal time - time that a worker takes considering working at a normal place
• standard time - sum of normal time and alloted allowance
• normal time can be EQUAL to standard time
• observed time is EQUAL to normal time only if machine
• standard time < observed time