type of competence - the knowledge of the language conventions (i.e. its grammar, punctuations, spelling, syntax, pronunciation, vocabulary); ability to create grammatically correct utterances
linguistic competence
type of competence - the knowledge of how to use social rules of language (e.g., formality, politeness, directness)
sociolinguistic competence
type of competence - the knowledge of how to produce and comprehend
language structures into a cohesive and coherent oral or written text of different types;
discourse competence
type of competence - the knowledge of how to recognize and repair communication breakdowns, how to use techniques to work around gaps in one’s
knowledge of the language, and how to modify language in the context and audience
strategic competence
what is speech contexts?
The situation in which the communication occurs.
types of speech contexts
intrapersonal communication
interpersonal communication
public communication
mass communication
intercultural communication
type of speech context - centers on one person where the
speaker acts both as the sender and
the receiver of message.
intrapersonal communication
type of speech context - refers to communication between people whose lives mutually influence one another. This establishes, maintains, and/or ends relationships.
interpersonal communication
types of interpersonal communication
dyad - two people
small group - 3 to 12 people
type of speech context - requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a group
public communication
It is a sender-focused form of
communication in which one
person is typically responsible for
conveying information to an
audience.
public communication
type of speech context - refers to communication that
takes place through television, radio,
newspapers, magazines, books,
billboards, internet, and other types of
media.
mass communication
type of speech context - refers to communication when individuals interact, negotiate, and create meanings while
bringing in their varied cultural backgrounds,
nationalities
intercultural communication
what is speech styles ?
forms of the language which the speaker uses and depends on the degree of formality
types of speech styles
frozen
formal
consultative
casual
intimate
type of speech style that remains unchanged and uses good, complex grammatical sentences and vocabulary
frozen
frozen examples:
Preamble,
The Lord’s Prayer,
Bible verses,
Constitution
type of speech style that is used in professional, academic and legal settings and the use of language follows a commonly accepted format
formal
formal examples
Speeches,
sermons,
meeting,
job
interviews,
academic papers
type of speech style - The normal or most operational style of speaking to colleagues or persons who are neither friends, relatives, nor acquaintances.
consultative
consultative examples:
doctor-patient
lawyer-client
teacher-student
teacher-parent
type of speech style that is commonly used in conversations among friends
casual
casual examples:
slang : LOL, charot, afaik
colloquial: "sup?"
ellipsis: "you ready yet?"
type of speech style that is completely private, developed within family, lovers, closest friends
intimate
intimate examples:
nicknames
terms of endearment
what is speech act?
an utterance that
a speaker makes to
achieve an intended
effect
types of speech acts:
locutionary act
illocutionary act
perlocutionary act
speech act - refers to the act of producing an utterance
locutionary act
speech act - refers to the social function of what is said
illocutionary act
searle's classification of illocutionary acts
assertive
directive
commissive
expressive
declaration
type of ill. acts - speaker expresses belief about the truth of a preposition and or / to describe the world (claiming, telling, stating, suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting, concluding)
assertive
type of ill acts - speaker tries to make the receiver perform an action or aims at getting people to do something (examples, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, and begging)
directive
type of ill. acts - speaker commits to doing something in the future (promising, planning, vowing, betting, threatening)
commissive
type of ill act - speaker expresses his / her feelings or emotional reactions (thankful, greeting, congratulating, apologizing, welcoming)
expressive
speech act that refers to the resulting act of what is said. the effect
perlocutionary act
type of ill. act - an action that functions to change an external situation (officiating a marriage, blessing, firing, bidding)