Religion

• Motivations for Colonization of Americas

  God, Gold, Glory (3Gs)
• Bartolome de Las Casas


  Priest who spoke out against the Spanish mistreatment of indigenous people
• Puritans


  Moderate dissenters who wanted to reform some of the customs of the Church of England but not complete separation (purifying the church)
• Separatists (Pilgrims)


  People who wanted to separate from the Church of England and found religious freedom by fleeing to the New World (separating from the church)
• Religion in the Colonies

  New England: Religion extremely important, religious freedom only for Puritans, church membership required to participate in politics, religious motives for colonization

  
  

  Middle Colonies: Religious tolerance & freedom

  
  

  Chesapeake Colonies: More variation of religion, religious freedom for all Christians
• Act of Toleration


  Maryland granted religious freedom for all Christians
• Roger Williams


  Religious dissenter who called for complete separation of church and state & called out mistreatment of Native Americans. Was banished & formed Providence Rhode Island
• Anne Hutchinson


  Religious dissenter who challenged acceptance of women in the church by speaking out against church user
• Salem Witch Trials


  Outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a Puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria, and stress
• Halfway Covenant (1662)


  the law passed to make it easier for the less religious children of the Puritans to become baptized partial members of the Puritan church.
• Great Awakening


  Religious revival in the American colonies during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.
• George Whitefield


  Christian preacher whose tour of the English colonies attracted big crowds and sparked the First Great Awakening.
• Jonathon Edwards


  Preacher of the Great Awakening who emphasized personal religious experience, predestination, and dependence of man upon God

  "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
• New Lights vs. Old Lights


  New lights: were the more modern-thinking members of the clergy who strongly believed in the Great Awakening.

  
  

  Old lights: believed that the new ways of revivals and emotional preaching were unnecessary.
• Deism


  Believing in a god that establishes natural rights but doesn't intervene in everyday life
• Rationalism


  Focused on more rational thought and human behavior than traditional interpretations of the bible
• Shakers


  Religious group that separated men & women
• Amana Colonies


  German Pietists who emphasized communal & simple living
• New Harmony


  Secular experiment of a socialist utopia but failed due to financial issues
• Second Great Awakening


  Second religious revival with even more emotion & fear of damnation but had more democratic ideas with Methodist & Baptists travelling spreading new denominations
• Millennialism


  Believed that the end of days was coming on a specific date
• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

  Based beliefs on book of moron, had to constantly move due to persecution due to strong opposition due to polygamy, and went to Utah creating New Zion
• Changing views of religion during Awakening

  More people wanted partcipatory services, more emotion, fear of industrialization would lead to sin, & people wanting more worship in urban areas
• Manifest Destiny


  Idea created by John O'Sullivan that declared the US had a god-given right to expand west
• Religion of Old Immigrants

  Irish: Roman Catholic & faced discrimination due to religion

  German: Were mainly Roman-Catholic or Luthern
• Religion of New Immigrants

  Were mainly Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, or Jewish
• Salvation Army


  Imported basic necessities from England to the homeless & poor while spreading gospel
• Social Gospel


  Applying Christian principles to social problems by improving housing, wages, & public health, and by doing so you would find salvation
• Scopes Trial


  a highly publicized trial when John Thomas Scopes violated a state law by teaching evolution in high school
• Modernists


  Protestants whose face took a historical & critical view of passages in the Bible & believed they could accept Darwin's theory of evolution without abandoning their faith
• Fundamentalists


  Protestant teachers in rural areas who condemned modernists due to decline in morality & taught that every word in the Bible was meant to be taken literally
• Revivalists


  Preached fundamentalist ideas with the new tools of mass communication using the radio
• Father Charles E. Coughlin


  Roman Catholic 'radio priest' who founded the National Union for Social Justice & promoted nationalizing banks & inflating currency (undertones of anti-semitic & facist and was eventually ordered to stop broadcasting)
• Religious Fundamentalists


  Attacked secular humanism as a godless creed taking over public education & campaigned for the return of prayer & bible teachings in public schools.