last minute review hihe,,

• Cardiovascular System /Circulatory System - Transports nutrients (digestive products), gases, hormones, and other materials to and from the cells of the body.
• Heart -is a fist-sized organ that pumps blood throughout our body. It's the primary organ of our circulatory system.
• The chambers of the heart consist of two atria and two ventricles.
• The heart chambers are partitioned by a muscular wall called the septum.
• The atria- are the receiving chambers of the heart.
• The right atrium-- receives oxygen-poor blood coming from all parts of the body.
• The left atrium- receives oxygen-rich blood coming from the lungs.
• The ventricles -are the pumping chambers of the heart.
• The right ventricle- pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation
• The left ventricle -pumps oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body.
• The A, B, AB and O blood groups were first identified by Austrian immunologist at the University of Vienna, Karl Landsteiner in 1900.
• The blood is composed of two parts: the liquid portion is called plasma and the formed elements are called corpuscles.
• PLASMA- The liquid portion, which comprises 55% of the blood by weight. It is pale-colored fluid composed mostly of water, blood proteins, and small amounts of inorganic materials.
• CORPUCLES -Solid part that is suspended in the plasma and comprises 45% of the blood by weight.
• Corpuscles -They are manufactured within the red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) within flat and long bones.
• Red blood cells - Also called erythrocytes.

  • They make up almost half of blood. Red blood cells are filled with hemoglobin. That's a protein that picks up oxygen in the lungs and brings it to cells all around the body.
• WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC) -Also called Leukocytes.
• White blood cells - They fight disease and infection by attacking and killing germs that get into the body. There are several kinds of white blood cells, each of which fights a different kind of germ.
• Neutrophil -phagocytosis (bacteria & cellular debris); very important in inflammation
• Eosinophils- help break down blood clots & kill parasites
• Basophils- synthesize & store histamine (a substance released during inflammation) & heparin (an anticoagulant)
• Monocytes- phagocytosis (typically as macrophages in tissues of the liver, spleen, lungs, & lymph nodes)
• Lymphocytes- immune response (including production of antibodies)
• Platelets-Also called thrombocytes
• Carbon: The Backbone of Life
• Carbon - It has a valence of 4 electrons as seen in its electron configuration 1𝑠2 2𝑠2 2𝑝2
• Carbon can also bond with itself, this ability makes the carbon a unique atom because of this uniqueness, carbon can produce numerous organic compounds.
• Hydrocarbons constitute the element of hydrogen and carbon.
• Alkanes- through the presence of a single bond.
• Alkenes - through the presence of a double bond.
• Alkynes - through the presence of a triple bond.
• Aromatic- type of hydrocarbon that is a naphthalene (mothball).
• Alcohol- it is an organic compound commonly used as a reagent, solvent, and fuel.
• Alcohol -it has OH group attached to a single bond alkyl group, alkane.
• Ethers - a hydrocarbon chain in which one of the links is an oxygen atom, bonded to a carbon atom on either side.
• Aldehydes - it consists of carbonyl bonded to hydrogen atom and R group.
• Ketones- It is a functional group characterized by a carbonyl group (O=C) linked to two other carbon atoms.
• Acetone or propanone is the simplest example of ketone.
• Carboxylic Acids – are characterized by the presence of carboxyl group
• Esters- - is a product formed from the reaction between a carboxylic acid and alcohol.