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• Food


  One of the basic necessities of life, contains nutrients - substances essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues and for the regulation of vital processes
• Glycogen


  The stored form of a simple sugar called glucose
• Stomach growling


  An internal signal that the body is hungry
• Hunger


  Desire to eat or the urgent need for food
• Types of hunger


  • Biological hunger
  • Psychological hunger
• Biological hunger


  Happens when the stomach is empty
• Psychological hunger


  When we eat due to our emotions
• Hunger pains


  Brought about by the contractions of the stomach or intestine in the absence of food
• Borborygmus


  A rumbling or gurgling sound made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines
• Ghrelin


  A hormone produced in the stomach to signal your brain that it's time to eat
• Leptin


  A hormone that plays a key role in regulating your appetite and body weight
• Satiety


  A condition of being full
• Major classes of nutrients

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Fats
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water
• Nutrients


  The molecules in food that nourish the body by providing energy and materials essential for growth and development
• Carbohydrates


  Mainly sugars and starches that the body breaks down into glucose; also called saccharides, main source of energy
• Fibers (cellulose)


  Indigestible material found in plant products
• Peristalsis


  Involuntary, rhythmic and wavelike contractions of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines that propel food downward
• Feces


  Undigested food, bacteria, mucus, and cells from the lining of the intestines
• Constipation


  Occurs when your bowel movements become less frequent and stools become difficult to pass
• Hemorrhoids (piles)


  Swollen veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum
• Fibers


  • Help in controlling hemorrhoids, reduce the risk of hypertension and colorectal cancer
• Carcinogens


  A substance, organism or agent capable of causing cancer
• Proteins


  Complex group of molecules that do all kinds of jobs in your body, they make up your hair, nail, bones, muscles and body organs
• Protein-rich foods


  • Meats, eggs, milk, fish, nuts, and legumes
• Amino acids


  The building blocks of proteins necessary for the growth and repair of tissue cells
• There are 20 essential amino acids, 8 cannot be synthesized by human beings</b>
• Growing children require 2 to 3 times more proteins than adults
• Kwashiorkor


  Deficiency of proteins may lead to a disease
• Fats (Lipids)


  Provide more energy and act as insulator that help regulate body temperature
• Foods rich in fat


  • Fish, liver, fatty meat, nuts, cheese, butter, etc.
• Atherosclerosis


  Build-up of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls, which can restrict blood flow; should be avoided in the diet of people who have developed gallstones
• Vitamins


  Essential in maintaining the body's biological functions and cannot be manufactured by the human body
• Vitamin-rich foods


  • Meat, fish, dairy products, grains, fruits, and vegetables
• Ergosterol


  Can be converted to vitamin D under ultraviolet radiation
• Fat-soluble vitamins


  Vitamins D, A, E, K, are absorbed along with the fats you eat
• Water-soluble vitamins


  Include Vitamin C and Vitamin B complex; those that are excreted from the body when they are in excreted amount
• Minerals


  Inorganic substances that do not provide energy but are necessary in the body's metabolic processes
• Essential minerals


  • Calcium, iodine, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulphur, and zinc
• Osteoporosis


  A bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or when the structure and strength of bone changes
• Iron


  Helps in the formation of hemoglobin; necessary in the transport of oxygen