maslow

• Abraham Maslow is considered the founder and spiritual leader of the humanistic psychology movement
• abraham maslow


  He concluded that each person is born with the same set of instinctive needs that enable us to grow, develop,

  and fulfill our potentia
• instinctoid needs


  Maslow’s term for the

  innate needs in his

  needs-hierarchy

  theory.
• instinctoid


  they have a hereditary component
• deficit (deficiency) needs 


  The lower needs; failure to satisfy

  them produces a deficiency in the body
• growth (being) needs


  The higher needs;

  although growth needs

  are less necessary

  than deficit needs for

  survival, they involve

  the realization and

  fulfillment of human

  potential.
• 85 percent of the physiological needs, 70 percent of the safety needs, 50 percent of the belongingness and love needs, 40 percent of the esteem needs, and 10 percent of the self-actualization need
• self-actualization


  involves the maximum realization and fulfillment of our potentials, talents, and abilities
• CONDITIONS FOR SELF-ACTUALIZATION:

  1. We must be free of constraints imposed by society and by ourselves.
  2. We must not be distracted by the lower-order needs.
  3. We must be secure in our self-image and in our relationships with other people and we must be able to love and be loved in return.
  4. We must have a realistic knowledge of our strengths and weaknesses, virtues and vices
• cognitive needs

  The need to know is stronger than the need to understand, and must therefore be at least partially satisfied before the need to understand can emerge
• cognitive needs

  Innate needs to know and to understand
• metamotivation

  The motivation of self-actualizers, which

  involves maximizing

  personal potential

  rather than striving for

  a particular goal

  object.
• Maslow described the motivation of people who are not selfactualizers as a condition of D-motivation or Deficiency
• D-motivation involves striving for something specific to make up for something that is lacking within us
• metaneeds

  States of

  growth or being toward

  which self-actualizers

  evolve.
• metaneeds


  are states of being—such as goodness, uniqueness, and perfection—rather than specific goal objects
• metapathology


  A thwarting of self-development related to

  failure to satisfy the

  metaneeds.
• methapathology


  prevents self-actualizers

  from expressing, using, and fulfilling their potential
• CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-ACTUALIZERS:

  1. An efficient perception of reality
  2. An acceptance of themselves, others, and nature
  3. A spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness
  4. A focus on problems outside themselves
  5. A sense of detachment and the need for privacy
  6. A freshness of appreciation
  7. Mystical or peak experiences
  8. Social interest
  9. Profound interpersonal relations
  10. Creativeness
  11. Resistance
• peak experience


  A moment of intense

  ecstasy, similar to a

  religious or mystical

  experience, during

  which the self is

  transcended.
• Inadequate education and improper child-rearing practices can thwart the drive for self-actualization in adulthood
• To Maslow, the ideal situation in childhood is a balance of permissiveness and regulation
• Sufficient love in childhood is a prerequisite for self-actualization, as well as for satisfaction of physiological and safety needs within the first two years of life
• jonah complex


  The fear that maximizing

  our potential will lead

  to a situation with

  which we will be

  unable to cope.
• jonah complex refers to our doubts about our own abilities
• Maslow (1971) held that self-actualizing people are motivated by the “eternal verities,” what he called B-values
• Maslow termed B-values “metaneeds” to indicate that they are the ultimate level of needs
• metaneeds are states of growth or being toward

  which self-actualizers evolve.
• metapathology is a thwarting of self-development related to

  failure to satisfy the metaneeds.