NS

• Solidifying


  Changing from liquid to solid
• Liquids lose heat when cooled


  They can then change into solids
• Liquids that solidify


  • Water
  • Butter
  • Margarine
• Melting


  Changing from solid to liquid
• Solids that melt


  • Butter
  • Ice cream
• Evaporating


  Changing from liquid to gas
• Liquids gain heat


  They can change into gases
• Liquids that evaporate


  • Water
• Condensing


  Changing from gas to liquid
• Gases lose heat


  They can change back into liquids
• Gases that condense


  • Water vapour
• The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas
• When a material is heated or cooled, it can change between the three states of matter
• This change between states is called a change of state
• When a solid gains heat, it melts and becomes a liquid
• When a liquid gains heat, it evaporates and becomes a gas
• When a gas loses heat, it condenses and becomes a liquid
• When a liquid loses heat, it solidifies and becomes a solid
• Plants

  • Can have different roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds
  • Parts can have different sizes, shapes and colours
• Plant parts


  • Big roots
  • Small roots
  • Long, thin leaves (like wild garlic)
  • Broad, thick leaves (like the aloe)
  • Big, colourful flowers (like the crane flower)
  • Small, dull flowers (like wild grasses)
  • Big seeds (like broad beans)
  • Small seeds (like radishes)
• Structure


  The parts of something
• Main plant parts


  • Roots
  • Stem
  • Leaves
  • Flowers
• Plants can also have fruits and seeds. Flowers develop into fruits. The seeds are inside the fruits.
• Functions of plant parts

  • Roots: Hold the plant in the soil; absorb water and mineral salts
  • Stem: Keeps the plant upright; holds the leaves and flowers
  • Leaves: Use sunlight to make food for the plant
  • Flowers: Often smell good and can have bright colours that attract insects and birds; this helps the plant to reproduce
  • Fruits: Form from the flowers
  • Seeds: Found inside the fruits; grow into new plants
• Germinate


  When a seed starts to grow
• A seed seems to be not living, but when we plant it and give it water and warmth, it starts to grow.
• An egg seems to be not living, but there can be a young chick growing inside the egg. When the chick is big enough, it breaks the shell with its beak. We say the chick hatches.
• Life processes of living things

  • Growing
  • Reproducing
  • Feeding
  • Breathing
  • Excreting
  • Moving
  • Sensing
• Living things carry out all seven life processes. They grow, feed, breathe, move, reproduce, get rid of waste products and sense their environment.
• Examples of living things

  • Elephant
  • Fish
  • Fern
  • Sunflower
  • Mealie plant
  • Bacteria/germs
• Germs


  Very small living things that can cause disease
• Growing


  Living things becoming bigger as they grow
• Reproducing


  Producing babies or young animals or plants
• Feeding


  Eating food
• Moving


  Being able to move from one place to another
• Breathing


  Taking in air
• Excreting


  Getting rid of body wastes such as urine
• Sensing


  Being able to see, hear, touch, taste or smell things
• Environment


  Everything around us