eyes (2nd sem, midterms)

• appears as a white arc around the limbus

  Arcus senilis under age 40
• unequal pupils

  ANISOCORIA
• Dilated and fixed pupils, typically resulting from central nervous system injury, circulatory collapse, or deep anesthesia.

  Mydriasis
• Also known as pinpoint pupils, characterized by constricted and fixed pupils — possibly a result of narcotic drugs or brain damage.

  Miosis
• squint; deviation of the eye which the patient cannot overcome


  Strabismus
• involuntary rapid movement (horizontal, vertical, rotatory, or mixed) of the eyeball

  Nystagmus
• involuntary eye movement

  cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve)
• moving the penlight towards the nose

  cranial nerve IV (trochlear nerve)
• checking for both pupils reaction to light

  cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve)
• History of blurred vision/Corneal irregularity

  Astigmastism
• Abnormal, progressive opacity of the lens/Pupil may appear cloudy/Red reflex absent or darkened

  Cataract
• • Tunnel vision
  • May be asymptomatic
  • 2nd leading cause of blindness worldwide

  Glaucoma
• associated with loss of central vision and elevated eye pressure

  Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
• Painless yellow nodule caused by thickening of bulbar conjunctiva

  Pinguecula
• esotropia

  eye turns inward
• exotropia

  eye turns outward
• Immunologic disorder in which lacrimal, salivary, and other glands do not produce enough moisture

  SJÖGREN’S Syndrome
• The ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance

  (TESTING VISUAL ACUITY) The Snellen Chart
• Jaeger Test

  An eye chart used in testing NEAR VISION ACUITY
• Myopia

  Nearsightedness
• Hyperopia

  Farsightedness
• Presbyopia

  Farsightedness due to aging
• Useful to test the distance visual acuity of CHILDREN or ADULTS who cannot communicate verbally due to physical / mental disability, language barrier or other reasons


  Snellen E Chart
• Also known as the “Tumbling E” Eye Chart

  Snellen E Chart
• Benign pigmented congenital discoloration

  Nevus
• Growth or thickening of conjunctiva from inner canthal area toward iris

  Pterygium or pinguecula
• Eye injury

  Subconjunctival hemorrhage
• Cloudy cornea

  • vit A deficiency; infection which may be accompanied by HYPOPYON (pus in anterior chamber)