bioinfo

• Software


  Computer instructions or data, anything that can be stored electronically
• Hardware


  Tangible components of a computer, such as storage devices, mouse, keyboard, CPU, and display devices
• Types of Software


  • System Software
  • Application Software
  • Open Source Software
  • Proprietary Software
• System Software


  • Operating System
  • Compiler
  • Loader
  • Linker
  • Interpreter
• Application Software


  • Word Processors
  • Spreadsheets
  • Presentation
  • Database Systems
• Open Source Software (OSS)


  Computer software whose source code is available under a license that permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form
• Proprietary Software


  Software with restrictions on using, copying and modifying as enforced by the proprietor
• Word Processors


  • Spell checking
  • Standard layouts for normal documents
  • Bold, italic, or underlined text
  • Centering, left or right alignment
  • Saving and printing documents
• Spreadsheets


  • Budgets
  • Payrolls
  • Grade Calculations
  • Address Lists
• Graphic Presentations


  • Slide Shows
  • Repeating Computer Presentations on a computer monitor
  • Using Sound and animation in slide shows
• Database Management System (DBMS)


  A software tool that allows multiple users to store, access, and process data into useful information
• DBMS Applications


  • Membership lists
  • Student lists
  • Grade reports
  • Instructor schedules
• Examples of DBMS software include Microsoft Access, dBASE, and Oracle
• Types of Operating Systems

  • Single User, Single Task
  • Single User, Multitasking
  • Multi-User
  • Multiprocessing
  • Embedded

  
• Single User, Single Task OS


  Allows only one user to run one program at a time
• Single User, Multitasking OS


  Allows a single user to work on two or more programs that reside in memory at the same time
• Multi-User OS


  Allows multiple users on different computers to access a single system with one OS
• Multiprocessing OS


  Supports two or more processors running programs at the same time
• Embedded OS


  Used in mobile devices and many consumer electronics
• Utility Software


  • Managing files, searching for files, uninstalling programs
  • Viewing images, cleaning up disks, defragmenting disks, backing up files and disks
  • Setting up screensavers, securing a computer, protecting against viruses, removing spyware and adware
  • Filtering Internet content, compressing files, playing media files, burning optical discs, and maintaining a personal computer
• LAN


  Local Area Network - a group of computers and peripheral devices connected in a limited area such as school, laboratory, home, or office building

  
• WAN


  Wide Area Network - an important computer network that is spread across a large geographical area
• MAN


  Metropolitan Area Network - in between LAN and WAN technology that covers an entire city

  
• PAN


  Personal Area Network - a computer network organized around an individual person, generally consisting of a mobile computer, cell phone or personal digital assistant
• CAN


  Campus Area Network - made up of an interconnection of LANs within a limited geographical area, with network equipment owned by the campus owner
• Peer-to-Peer Network


  • Two or more computer systems connect and share resources without requiring a separate server or server software
  • Each computer is responsible for its own security
  • Useful for small networks of less than 10 computers
  • No central control system or servers

  
• Client-Server Network


  • Certain computers act as servers providing network resources and services, while others act as clients requesting those services
• Local area network (LAN) is based on a client-server network relationship

  
• Hypertext


  A system for linking related text documents that allows the participation of multiple users

  
• Hypertext document


  • Any word or phrase can be "hyperlinked" to information related to that word or phrase residing in the same document or in another document
  • When a hyperlink is activated, the hypertext system retrieves the related information
• Hypermedia

  Hypertext which is not constrained to be text: it can include graphics, video and sound

  
• Hyperlink


  • Contains the URL of the webpages
  • Hidden under the text, image, graphics, audio, video, and gets highlighted once we hover the mouse over it
  • To activate the hyperlink, we click the hypermedia, which ends up within the opening of the new document
• Hypertext


  • Text which contains the visible text to redirect the targeted page (page URL contained by Hyperlink)
  • Invented to establish cross-reference in the computer world, similar to that is made in books like an index
  • Introduces the idea of cross-referencing the data

  
• Hypertext system


  • The reader is free to navigate information by exploring the connections provided
  • Text is broken down into many smaller units (lexias), each addressing a few issues

  
• World Wide Web (WWW, Web, W3)


  • Worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages)
  • A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items
  • A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages

  
• Web 2.0


  Web sites that provide a means for users to interact
• Web browser


  Displays a web document and enables users to access web documents
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)


  Standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer network
• Telnet


  Protocol that provides a command line interface for communication with a remote device or server
• Search engine


  Finds information related to a specific topic