Sociology Final Exam

• A type of stratification system based on ownership and control of resources due to the type of work that people do is called what?


  Class System
• Which theorists proposed that social inequality is beneficial and necessary for the smooth functioning of society?


  Davidson and Moore
• Owners of mom-and-pop grocery stores are members of what class according to wright?


  Small business class
• Movement from one level of stratification to another between generations is known as what?


  Intergenerational
• The value of all a person's or family's economic assets, including income, material possessions, and property is called what?


  Wealth
• According to Gilbert and Kahal, doctors, lawyers, stockbrokers, and corporate managers belong to which class?


  Upper Middle Class
• Relatively low-paying, non-manual, semiskilled positions primarily held by women are called what?


  Pink-Collar Jobs
• The inability to have the means of securing even the basic necessities of life is called what?


  Absolute Poverty
• The extent to which individuals have access to important social resources such as food, clothing, shelter, education, and health care is called what?


  Life Chances
• Systems of Stratification characterized by flexible boundaries, achieved statuses, and social mobility are called what?


  Open Systems
• A feeling of powerless and estrangement from other people and from oneself is known as what?


  Alienation
• Economic gain delivered from wages, salaries, income transfers, and ownership of property is what?


  Income
• Which perspective views education as the "elevator" to social mobility, allowing most students the opportunity to attend college if they apply themselves?


  Functionalist
• The trend in which women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty is known as what?


  Feminization of Poverty
• Which perspective proposes that social inequality is perpetuated by individuals with economic and political advantages who shape and distribute the rewards, resources, privileges, and opportunities in society for their own benefit.

  Conflict
• The minimum amount of money required for a living at a subsistence level is known as what?

  official poverty line
• Which theorist outlined ownership of the means of production, purchase of the labor of others, control of the labor of others, and sale of one's own labor as the criteria for placement in the class structure?

  Olin Wright
• Which theorists proposed a model of social class based on the occupation of the family head, education, and family income?

  Gideon and Call? (Check this one)
• A pay raise or promotion received by a professor with no movement in stratification level is an example of what type of mobility?

  Horizontal
• Who is credited with the concept of life chances?

  Weber
• A category of people who share a biological or genetic heritage made distinctive by physical, features such as skin color, hair texture and eye color is

  Race
• The dominant group that historically has access to most of the resources in society and whose behavior is harmful to members of subordinate groups is the

  Majority group
• Those groups in society that are historically disadvantaged and singled out for discrimination due to racial, ethnic, or cultural differences are

  Minority group
• A category of people who share a cultural heritage made distinctive by their language, customs, nationality, or traditions is

  ethnicity
• An ideology or belief system used to justify the superior treatment of some groups and the inferior treatment of others is

  Racism
• A negative attitude held toward the members of a particular social group is

  Prejudice
• Differential treatment based on race and ethnicity is

  Discrimination
• The physical or spatial separation of people due to race or ethnicity is

  Segregation
• Racial slurs are an example of ______ racism

  Individual
• Residential segregation is an example of _______ segregation

  De facto
• Differential treatment supported by the everyday policies, practices, and operations within the social structure of economic, educational, or religious systems is

  Institutional discrimination
• The Holocaust is an example of

  Genocide
• Which sociological perspective best supports the view that race is a social construct instead of a means of biological classification

  Symbolic
• Jim Crowe Laws and Apartheid are examples of

  De Jure Segregation
• The process in which a minority group conforms to the dominant culture is

  Assimilation
• Interracial marriage is an example of

  Caste System
• Which sociological perspective best supports the view that prejudice, racism, and discrimination are used by majority groups to protect their power and privilege from minority groups

  Conflict perspective
• The forced migration of minority groups by majority groups from one place to another is

  explosion
• Differential treatment that occurs through face-to-face interactions is

  Individual Discrimination
• Which sociological perspective emphasizes that prejudicial attitudes, racist beliefs, and discriminatory actions contribute to the lack of utilization of the talents and abilities of minorities, thus allowing society to not benefit.

  Structural-Functionalism