Topic 7

• Biotics: living organisms
• Abiotics: Non-living factors that affect the environment and living organisms by it being a limiting factor
• producers: organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis
• consumers: organisms that obtain energy from other organisms by eating them
• omnivores: eat both plants and meat, have a wide range of nutrients
• carnivores: only meat as part of their diet
• Carbon cycle: carbon activities is passed onto plants and turned into oxygen
• water cycle: evaporation/transpiration -> condensation -> precipitation
• producers get 100% of energy and as it passed down the food chain, the energy is reduced, from 100 to 10 to 1 to 0.1%
• nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use. Found in soil and roots of plants in small clusters
• plant cells use both cellular respiration and photosynthesis to produce energy for cellular activities
• independent variables: can stand on its own (ex. years, dates)
• Dependent variable: is affected by the independent variable and is measured in some way.
• omnivores can be primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers since they can eat any plants and animals
• nitrogen used by the plant after decomposition is returned into the soil, and if taken out, nutrients from the soil decreases