Respiration

• Aerobic


  Using oxygen
• Anaerobic


  Not using oxygen
• Oxidation


  A reaction with oxygen. In this case, food molecules like glucose reacting with oxygen.
• Fatigue


  Tiredness. In muscles is caused by a build-up of lactic acid, which is produced during anaerobic respiration.
• Oxygen debt


  After exercise, the lactic acid has built up and caused an extra need for oxygen
• When yeast cells respire aerobically they produce carbon dioxide which creates a foam. We can measure the height of the foam produced in a certain time to give us an indication of how fast they are respiring.
• Aerobic respiration equation


  glucose + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + energy
• Respiration


  A chemical reaction that happens in all living cells. It releases energy from glucose. This energy allows all the other processes that keep us alive to happen.
• Breathing


  The movement of your lungs that brings in the oxygen for respiration and gets rid of the carbon dioxide produced.
• The response to exercise

  During exercise, more energy is required by the body than when resting, due to increased muscle contractions. The body reacts to this increased demand for energy by: The heart rate, breathing rate, and volume of each breath all increase. Together, these increase the amount of oxygenated blood reaching the muscles. The oxygenated blood provides the extra oxygen and glucose needed for respiration in muscle cells, to release more energy to meet demand.
• Respiration is not the same as breathing or ventilation
• Aerobic respiration


  • Occurs with oxygen
  • Releases more energy but more slowly
• Anaerobic respiration

  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy(as ATP).
• Anaerobic respiration


  • Occurs without oxygen
  • Releases less energy but more quickly
• During vigorous exercise


  Anaerobic respiration occurs as cells may not have enough oxygen for aerobic respiration
• Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid which causes pain and tiredness, leading to cramps
• After vigorous exercise, people continue to breathe deeply and quickly for a short period, which is called excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) or 'oxygen debt'
• During EPOC, lactic acid reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, releasing the rest of the energy originally in the glucose
• Ingestion


  Taking in food
• Photosynthesis


  Making glucose using light energy
• Saprotrophic


  Gains nutrition from breaking down dead/decaying matter outside the body e.g. fungi
• Autotrophic


  Gains nutrition by making their own food by photosynthesis (producers) e.g. plants
• Heterotrophic


  Gains nutrition by consuming nutrients (consumers) e.g. animals
• Requirements for cells to get energy


  • Fuel
  • Oxygen
• How cells get energy


  1. Food is "burnt" in oxygen

  2. Controlled reaction to release energy for use in the cell

  3. Waste products are removed from the cell