Memory

• Memory is the process of retaining information over time.
• A memory is any piece of information that we retain and remember
• Memory encoding is the process of transforming information to put it into memory.
• The first stage of the memory process is encoding, which is the process of transforming information to put it into memory
• Memory storage is the process of maintaining information in our minds.
• The second stage of the memory process is memory storage.
• Memory retrieval is the process of taking information out of a memory store.
• Memory recall is when we re-access a memory without having to be reminded of the memory first.
• Memory recognition is when we re-access a memory after being reminded of that memory.
• Memory recognition is a type of memory retrieval
• If a person is able to retrieve a memory once they’re shown the memory again, because it feels familiar to them, we call it memory recognition. And this is different from memory recall, where a person re-accesses a memory without having to be reminded of the memory first.
• Memory encoding is where we transform information, so that it is easily put in our memory.
• Henry Molaison was a patient who had brain surgery. After the surgery, he kept his long-term memory but lost his short-term memory.This case study shows that there are multiple memory stores.
• Three stages of memory: encoding, storage, retrieval
• Rhe case study of Henry Molaison shows that we have multiple memory stores.
• The capacity of a memory store is the size of that memory store.
• The duration of a memory store is the length of time a memory store retains information.
• The coding of a memory store is the format which memory stores retain information in.
• Sensory information is information about how things taste, what things sound like and what things look like.
• The two main types of sensory code are the acoustic or echoic code, which we use to store information about sound, and the visual or iconic code, which we use to store information about images.
• Sensory coding is storing sensory information.
• Acoustic and visual codes are two types of sensory code.
• There are five types of sensory code in total.
• Semantic coding stores information based on its meaning
• Acoustic code stores information as sound.
• Visual code stores information as images.
• Semantic code stores information by its meaning
• Duration refers to how long a memory can be stored. If a memory store has a longer duration, the information can be stored for a longer period of time.
•  Coding refers to the format of the information being stored. Different types of information are coded differently, depending on where the information is coming from.
• Capacity refers to how much information can be stored in a memory store. The larger the capacity of the memory store, the greater amount of information that can be stored
• If a memory store is coded in a specific way, the information will be stored in a specific format
• The sensory register is a temporary store for sensory information. It holds sensory information while we process it.
• The sensory register uses a sensory code.
• The sensory register has a duration which is 1-2 or 1 or 2 or one or two seconds long.
• The sensory register has a(n) large or big capacity.
• Information that goes into the sensory register is sensory, so can say that the coding of the sensory register is sensory.
• The sensory register has a short duration. The sensory register has a duration of 1-2 seconds.
• The capacity of the sensory register is big.
• Sperling conducted a laboratory experiment. His dependent variable was how many letters his participants could recall.
• Sperling wanted to determine how many letters, if any, his participants could recall. So, Sperling was investigating the capacity of sensory memory.