LAB PRACTICAL STUDY GUIDE

Cards (58)

3 differences between primate and non-primate skulls
post orbital closure/wall
brain case size
forward facing eyes
Platyrrhines dental formula: 2.1.3.3
Platyrrhines ectotympanic region: ring
Catarrhines dental formula: 2.1.2.3
catarrhines ectotympanic region: tube
Bones required to calculate intermembral index (IMI) & how to do it:
Humerus + radius (arm length) / femur + tibia (leg length) X 100 = IMI
A high IMI (>> 100) indicates long arms relative to short legs.
This is seen in chimps and gibbons
Categorized as brachiators/ knuckle walkers
A IMI at approximately 100 indicates arms and legs are approximately at equal length.
Ex: Baboons
Categorized as terrestrial quadrupeds
A low IMI (<< 100) indicates short arms relative to long legs
Ex: Tarsiers
Categorized as Arboreal quads and leapers
Abducted big toes are seen in chimps (not in line with others; poking away)
Adducted big toes are seen in humans (in line with others)
Comparing chimp (left) and human (right) feet, which species has an arched foot?
Answer: Human
Comparing chimp (left) and human (right) feet, which species has freaky long toes?
Answer: Chimp
Comparing chimp (left) and human (right) feet, which species has an abducted hallux?
Answer: Chimp
Comparing chimp (left) and human (right) feet, which species is the biped?
Answer: Human
H. Sapiens (modern) = biggest brain
H. Sapiens (cro mag) = almost human but a little ugly
A. afarensis = most prognathic face
H. neanderthalensis = occipital bun
P. boisei = Huge saggital crest and molars
Name one additional feature unique to the neanderthal skull (mandible).
Answer: Retromolar gap
Name one additional feature unique to the human skulls (mandible).
Answer: Chin
Differentiating verterbae.
Which one has foramina on the transverse processes?
Answer: Cervical
Differentiating vertebrae.
Which one looks like a giraffe?
Answer: Thoracic
Lumbar lordosis centers mass along central line of gravity for balance. This is an example of one adaptation for bipedalism.
Lumbar is the largest vertebrae.
Differentiating vertebrae.
Which one looks like a moose?
Answer: Lumbar
Compare the chimp, boisei, and human skulls.
Name one skull feature that allows to identify a biped.
Answer: Foramen magnum position anteriorly
Identify the hominin
Answer: A. afarensis
Identify the hominin
answer: H. erectus
Identify the hominin
Answer: P. boisei
Identify the hominin
Answer: H. neanderthalensis
Identify the hominin:
Answer: H. sapiens
Pan troglodytes are also known as chimps
Identify the hominin
Answer: P. robustus
*picture taken from the slides*
Heterodont teeth are found in primates
Heterodont teeth are those that are different in size and shape
Homodont teeth are the same in size and shape
Homodont vs. Heterodont teeth
Answer: Homodont
Homodont vs. Heterodont teeth
Answer: Heterodont

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