Geography

• Urbanisation


  Increase of people living in towns and cities
• HIC


  High Income Country e.g. UK
• LIC


  Low Income Country e.g. Ethiopia
• NIC


  Newly Industrialised Country e.g. India (experiencing rapid urbanisation)
• Megacity


  Population over 10 million
• Global cities have...


  Trade centres - well connected

  Culturally diverse

  Good transport

  Tourism
• Push factor


  Factor that forces people to leave a place
• Examples of push factors


  War

  Natural disaster

  Prosecution

  Lack of education

  Low paid jobs
• Pull factor


  Factor that attracts people to a new place
• Examples of pull factors


  Better jobs/education

  Higher income - better quality of life
• Natural increase


  People born > dying
• Sustainable living examples


  Water conservation

  Energy conservation

  Creating green space

  Waste recycling
• Migration case study?


  Cardiff
• Sphere of influence


  Area within which local residents may be affected in either a good or bad way
• Threshold


  The minimum number of people needed to support the business
• CBD


  Central Business District; the area of a city where retail and offices are together
• Inner city


  Older, populated and usually poorer area next to the CBD
• Inner suburbs


  Land use zone between inner city and outer suburbs - interwar housing
• Outer suburbs


  Large, expensive housing on outskirts of city
• Greenbelt


  Countryside
• Egan's Wheel


  Eight features of a community which can be used to decide how sustainable it is
• Radial graph


  Used to visually compare different variables of data
• Greenfield site


  Land that has not been built on before
• Brownfield site


  Previously developed land
• What are the advantages of Greenfield developments in terms of cost?

  Cheaper to build as less preparation (therefore cheaper houses)
• How does Greenfield development benefit the environment and health?

  Better access to cleaner environment (so better health)
• What is a social advantage of Greenfield developments?

  Jobs created for locals
• What residential advantage do Greenfield developments offer?

  More space for bigger homes & gardens
• What is a disadvantage of Greenfield development related to traffic?

  Traffic on country roads (less peace)
• What is a disadvantage of Greenfield development related to road infrastructure?

  Major roads will have to be built to allow access
• What is a disadvantage of Greenfield development related to the environment?

  Countryside gets covered in concrete (urban sprawl)
• What is a disadvantage of Greenfield development in terms of community facilities?

  More infrastructure (new schools, shops)
• What is a disadvantage of Greenfield development concerning wildlife?

  Trees are cut down (animals lose their habitats)
• What are the advantages of brownfield sites - infrastructure?

  Infrastructure already exists (saving money)
• How does the development of brownfield sites benefit the local community?

  Jobs created for locals
• What is one way in which brownfield development can improve an area?

  Gentrifies area (area improves and looks better, attracting people)
• What are some disadvantages of brownfield sites - hygiene?

  Sites may be contaminated from previous use
• How can brownfield redevelopment affect house prices?


  House prices may increase, making it unaffordable
• What is one cost associated with clearing brownfield land?

  Land has to be cleared, which costs money
• How does building more homes on brownfield sites impact traffic?

  More homes lead to more traffic