Biology 1.3

• What is the function of glucose in the body

  Used in respiration to realise energy

  Converted to glycogen and stored
• We’re is glycogen stored

  In the liver
• What is the function of fatty acids and glycerol in the body?

  Energy store
• What is the function of amino acids in the body

  Amino acids join together in long chains to form proteins which are used for growth
• Why are minerals required by the body

  Required for a range of different functions e.g iron required for the synthesis of haemoglobin in red blood cells
• Why are vitamins required by the body

  Vitamin c maintains health tissues
• What happens when the body doesn’t receive enough vitamins or minerals

  Deficiency diseases develop
• Why is water required by the body

  Maintain osmosis correctly in cells and essential for body processes and functions
• What is the function of fibre in the body

  Provides bulk which aids the movement of food via peristalsis
• What type of food realeases the greatest amount of energy per gram

  Lipids
• What is the use of protein in the body

  Used for growth and repair of tissues
• What is carbohydrates used in the body for

  Respiration to release energy
• what happens to excess carbonhydrates in the body

  •Stored as glycogen in the liver

  •When stored become full,glycogen converted to fats

  •fats stored beneath the skin and surrounding organs
• Outline the health risks associated with obesity

  Cardiovascular disease

  Cancer

  type 2 diabetes
• Outline the health risk associated with a diet high in salt

  High blood pressure

  Cardiovascular disease
• Outline the heath risks assosiated with a high diet in sugat

  Type 2 diabetes

  Obesity

  tooth decay
• What is the definition of a balanced diet

  Eating all the food groups in the correct amount for your age, gender or activity
• Why do foods have added sugar

  To make it sweet and increase shelf Life
• Why do foods have added fats

  To enhance taste
• Why do foods have added salts

  To enhance taste and increase shelf life
• What is meant by the term digestion

  Breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, solubles so they can be absorbed into the blood
• Enzymes are proteins which means the units that make up these proteins are amino acids
• Which group of enzymes catalyses the break down of carbon hydrates

  Carbonhydrase
• What are carbohydrates broken down into

  Glucose
• Where are carbonhydrase produced

  Mouth

  pancreas

  small intestine
• What are proteins broken down into during digestion

  Amino acids
• Which type of enzyme catalyses the breakdown of proteins

  Protease
• Where are proteases produced 


  Stomach

  pancreas

  small intestine
• What 2 things are lipids broke down into during digestion

  Fattys acids and glycerol
• Which type of enzyme catalyses the breakdown of lipids

  Lipases
• Where are lipase produced

  Pancreas

  small instetine
• What enzymes are found in the mouth

  amylase
• What enzymes are found in the stomach

  Protease
• What enzymes are found in the pancreas

  Amylase

  protase

  lipase
• What enzymes are found in the small intestine

  Amylase

  protease

  lipase
• Where does starch digestion begin

  mouth
• Where does protein digestion start

  Stomach
• Where does fat digestion take place

  Small intestine
• Where is water absorbed from

  Small intestine
• What happens in the mouth

  Food is chewed and mixed with saliva