English- terminology

• Discourse event


  the text
• text producer


  writer
• text receiver


  reader/audience
• implied audience


  the intended audience
• actual audience


  those who actually read the text
• discourse communities


  group of people who share the same interests/ knowledge
• suffix (morpheme)


  -xy [added on the end]
• prefix (morpheme)


  Xy- [added on at the start of a word]
• infix (morpheme)


  -xy- [added in the middle of the word]
• free morphemes


  stand alone (ie 'faith' in faithful)
• bound morphemes


  cannot stand alone (ie 'ful' in faithful)
• derivational morpheme


  when an affix forms a word with a different category from the base (ie sing + er= singer - verb --> noun)
• inflectional morphemes


  affixes don't change the category of the word (ie un + tie= untie - verb-->verb
• internal change (morpheme)


  morphology isn't always concatentive/ not always at the end or beginning (ie sing + past tense = sang not singed)
• suppletion (morpheme)


  example of internal change: a complete change of morpheme (ie I go = I went)
• reduplication (morpheme)


  repeating all or part of the base (ie teeny-weeny)
• stress (morpheme)


  changes the meaning of a word sometimes (ie noun= 'record , verb= re'cord
• head word


  a word in a phrase that determines the syntactic category of that phrase (boiling hot 'water'- water would be the head word as it indicates that this is a noun phrase)
• Pre-modifier (word)


  a word, especially an adjective or noun, that is placed before a noun and describes/restricts it (a noise --> a loud noise)
• Post-modifier (word)


  a word, especially an adjective or noun, that is placed after a noun and describes/restricts it (the house --> the house on the corner)
• Qualifier (word)


  a word/phrase, especially an adjective, used to attribute a quality to another word, especially a noun ('pretty' ugly)
• noun phrase


  a word or group of words that functions in a sentence as subject, object, or prepositional object (ie the 'quick brown fox' jumped over the lazy dog)
• verb phrase


  a verb with another word(s) indicating tense, mood or person (ie she was 'walking quickly' to 'the mall')
• active voice (phrase)


  The subject of the sentence performs the action (ie Susan mailed the letter)
• passive voice (phrase)


  The subject of the sentence receives the action (ie the letter was mailed by Susan)
• clause


  a group of words that include a subject and a verb
• subordinate/dependant clause


  a clause, typically introduced by a conjunction that forms a part of/is dependant on the main clause (ie after she picks me up...)
• coordination/ independent clause


  a clause that is introduced by one of the coordinating conjunctions [a connective], most of the time 'and' or 'but'. Create a compound sentence (ie the sun came out and 'the ice began to melt')
• adverbial clauses


  a group of words that function as an adverb (ie keep working 'until I tell you to stop')
• noun clauses


  a dependant clause that acts as a noun. Can act as subjects, direct/indirect objects and objects of a preposition (ie 'whoever thought of this idea' was a genius)
• Exclamatory sentence


  a more forceful version of a declarative; a sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark (ie You're such a liar!)
• declarative sentence


  a sentence that makes a statement/ expresses an opinion as fact (ie She leaves for college tomorrow morning; 'the house is going to feel empty without her.')
• interrogative sentence


  A sentence that asks a question (ie what time is it?)
• imperative sentence


  A sentence that requests or commands (ie bring me a glass of water)
• minor sentences


  A minor sentence is a sentence that is either not fully formed or is it an incomplete sentence (ie no pain, no gain)
• simple sentence


  A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause (ie Joe waited for the train)
• compound sentence


  a sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions (ie the red house is too expensive but the blue house is too small)
• complex sentence


  A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (ie although he was wealthy, he was very unhappy)
• Noun


  A person, place, thing, or idea
• common noun


  A general name for a person, place, or thing (ie woman)