group of people who share the same interests/ knowledge
suffix (morpheme)
-xy [added on the end]
prefix (morpheme)
Xy- [added on at the start of a word]
infix (morpheme)
-xy- [added in the middle of the word]
free morphemes
stand alone (ie 'faith' in faithful)
bound morphemes
cannot stand alone (ie 'ful' in faithful)
derivational morpheme
when an affix forms a word with a different category from the base (ie sing + er= singer - verb --> noun)
inflectional morphemes
affixes don't change the category of the word (ie un + tie= untie - verb-->verb
internal change (morpheme)
morphology isn't always concatentive/ not always at the end or beginning (ie sing + past tense = sang not singed)
suppletion (morpheme)
example of internal change: a complete change of morpheme (ie I go = I went)
reduplication (morpheme)
repeating all or part of the base (ie teeny-weeny)
stress (morpheme)
changes the meaning of a word sometimes (ie noun= 'record , verb= re'cord
head word
a word in a phrase that determines the syntactic category of that phrase (boiling hot 'water'- water would be the head word as it indicates that this is a noun phrase)
Pre-modifier (word)
a word, especially an adjective or noun, that is placed before a noun and describes/restricts it (a noise --> a loud noise)
Post-modifier (word)
a word, especially an adjective or noun, that is placed after a noun and describes/restricts it (the house --> the house on the corner)
Qualifier (word)
a word/phrase, especially an adjective, used to attribute a quality to another word, especially a noun ('pretty' ugly)
noun phrase
a word or group of words that functions in a sentence as subject, object, or prepositional object (ie the 'quick brown fox' jumped over the lazy dog)
verb phrase
a verb with another word(s) indicating tense, mood or person (ie she was 'walking quickly' to 'the mall')
active voice (phrase)
The subject of the sentence performs the action (ie Susan mailed the letter)
passive voice (phrase)
The subject of the sentence receives the action (ie the letter was mailed by Susan)
clause
a group of words that include a subject and a verb
subordinate/dependant clause
a clause, typically introduced by a conjunction that forms a part of/is dependant on the main clause (ie after she picks me up...)
coordination/ independent clause
a clause that is introduced by one of the coordinating conjunctions [a connective], most of the time 'and' or 'but'. Create a compound sentence (ie the sun came out and 'the ice began to melt')
adverbial clauses
a group of words that function as an adverb (ie keep working 'until I tell you to stop')
noun clauses
a dependant clause that acts as a noun. Can act as subjects, direct/indirect objects and objects of a preposition (ie 'whoever thought of this idea' was a genius)
Exclamatory sentence
a more forceful version of a declarative; a sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark (ie You're such a liar!)
declarative sentence
a sentence that makes a statement/ expresses an opinion as fact (ie She leaves for college tomorrow morning; 'the house is going to feel empty without her.')
interrogative sentence
A sentence that asks a question (ie what time is it?)
imperative sentence
A sentence that requests or commands (ie bring me a glass of water)
minor sentences
A minor sentence is a sentence that is either not fully formed or is it an incomplete sentence (ie no pain, no gain)
simple sentence
A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause (ie Joe waited for the train)
compound sentence
a sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions (ie the red house is too expensive but the blue house is too small)
complex sentence
A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (ie although he was wealthy, he was very unhappy)
Noun
A person, place, thing, or idea
common noun
A general name for a person, place, or thing (ie woman)