Biology 1.4

• 3 types of blood vessels

  Arteries

  capileries

  veins
• What do arteries do

  Carry blood away from the heart
• What do veins do

  Carry blood back to the heart
• What do capilieries do

  Are found within tissue organs
• Arteries structure

  Thick outer walls

  Thick layer of muscle oxygenated blood higher pressure small lumen
• Veins structure

  thin walls

  Thin layers of muscle

  Contains valves large lumen deoxygenated blood
• Capillaries structure

  Thin walls only one cell thick
• Remember, all blood vessels have an endothelium lining in the lumen, but the wall of a capillary is made of a single layer of endothelial cells
• Function of a red blood cell?

  Contains haemoglobin for transport of oxeygon no nucleus’s so can carry more haemoglobin
• Function of white blood cells?

  Defends against infections disease
• Function of platelets?

  Clot the blood
• Function of plasma?

  transport of carbon dioxide, soluble food, urea, hormones and distributed heat
• What does wbc components

  Cytoplams

  nuclease

  Cell membrane
• What are rbc components

  Cell membrane
• What side of your body does deoxygenated blood travel

  Right
• What side of your blood travels oxygenated blood

  Left
• What does a double circulatory system mean

  Blood flows through the heart twice in two circuites
• What are the 2 circuit’s

  Pulmonary circuit and back

  systemic circuit and back
• What is the pulmonary cuircit

  Right side of heart deoxygenated blood transported to lungs
• What is the systemic circuit

  Left side of the heart
• What are the 4 chambers of the heart

  Left atrium

  left ventricle

  right atrium

  right ventricle
• Heya is the left ventricle thicker then the right 


  It pumps blood further around the body at a higher temperature
• What are the walls of the heart made of

  Cardiac muscle
• what is function of a cardiac muscle

  Contracts to pump blood around the body
• What is the heart

  A muscular pump that pushes blood around in the body
• What is the fu ruin of Conary arteries

  Provide the heart muscles with oxygenated blood
• What is the function of valves

  Prevents back flow of blood
• What are two types of valves found in the heart

  Semi lunar valve

  Atrioventricular valve
• We’re is the semi lunar valve located

  between the ventricles and arteries
• Describe how the arteries are adapted to their function

  Narrow lumen to help maintain a pressure in arteries
• Why is it important that the blood flows slowly through the capillaries

  Allows time for gas exchange of materials
• Function of vena cava

  Returned deoxegenated blood to the heart from the body
• Function of aorta

  Carried blood under a high pressure out of the heart and to the body
• What is the order of the circulatory system

  Vena cava-right atrium-Tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary artery-pulmonary vein-left atrium-bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aorta
• What is a cardiovascular disease

  Any condition that affecthe heart
• Give some example of types of cardiovascular disease

  Conorory heart disease

  heart attack

  stroke
• How can cardiovascular disease lead to a heart attack

  An atherome (fatty deposit) may block these arteries leading to a heart atack this prevents oxeygon from reaching our heart muscle
• What is a risk factor

  A variable associated with a greater chanve of developing a disease or infection
• What are the risk factors of cardiovascular disease

  High blood pressure

  Smoking

  genetic factors

  lack of exercise

  high salt diet

  high fat diet

  high blood cholesterol
• How does a higher blood pressure increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

  Damadge the walls of the blood vessels

  Promotes the deposition of fatty substances