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Chem paper 1
Atomic structure and periodic table
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Cards (55)
What is an isotope?
Atoms
of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons
What is a
compound
?
two
or more elements
chemically
bonded together
What does paper chromatography do ?
Separates substances
in a
mixture
What is a mixture?
A combination of
two
or more substances that have
no
chemical bond
What does filtration separate?
Insoluble
solids from
liquids
What does distillation separate?
A
soluble slid
and a
liquid
Who described atoms as solid spheres?
John Dalton
What did the different spheres represent
Different elements
Who discovered electrons
JJ
Thomson
What was his mode of the atom called
Plum pudding
model
Describe the plum pudding model
the atom is a ball of
positive
charge with
negative
electrons embedded in it
Who showed the plum pudding model was wrong
Rutherford
What experiment did Rutherford do?
Alpha particle scattering
What happened in this experiment
They fired
alpha
particles at an extremely thin sheet of
gold
What did they expect to happen
The particles were expected to pass
straight
thorough or be slightly
deflected
at most
Why did they expect this
The
positive
charge of each atom was thought to be very
spread
out
Wha actually
happened
Most particles passes straight through
Some
were
deflected more than expected
A small number
were
deflected backwards
Why did they pass through
Most of the
atom
is
empty space
Why were some deflected
Alpha
particles came near the concentrated
positively
charged nucleus
Why were some deflected backwards
They were fired directly a the
nucleus
What model of the atom did Rutherford come up with
Nuclear
model
Describe the nuclear model
Tiny
positively
charged
nucleus
at the centre
A cloud of
negative electrons
surrounded the nucleus
What did Bohr discover?
Electron shells
Who discovered protons
James Chadwick
Describe the periodic table in the early 1800s
Electrons
were arranged by
atomic mass
Some elements were
laced
in the wrong group
How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table?
Mainly in order of
atomic mass
Grouped
elements with similar
properties
Left gaps for
undiscovered
elements
How is the modern periodic table arranged
Increasing
proton
number
Elements with similar
properties
are in
groups
What is a
metal
Elements that can form
positive ions
when the react
What's a non metal
An element that doesn't generally form
positive
ions when it
rects
Properties of meals
Strong
Malleable
Good conductors (
heat
and
electricity
)
High
boiling and melting points
Properties of non metals
Dull
Brittle
Poor
conductors
Lower
density
What are the different properties of a
transition
metal
Can have more than one ion
Their ions are often coloured
Transition metal compounds often make good
catalysts
What are group 1 metals called
Alkali
metals
What are their
properties
Soft
and have
low density
What are the trends as you go down the
group
(group 1)
INCREASING
reactivity
LOWER
melting and boiling points
HIGHER
relative atomic mass
Reaction with water
They read vigorously to produce
HYDROGEN
GAS and
METAL
HYDROXIDES
Amount of energy released by the reaction
INCREASES
down the group
Reaction with
chlorine
When heated in
chlorine
gas they form
WHITE
METAL CHLORIDE SALTS
Reaction with
oxygen
Form a
metal oxide
Why do they tarnish in the air
Metal reacts with
oxygen
to form a
dull
metal oxide layer
Why are they called alkali metals
The
hydroxides
the produce in water
dissolve
to produce alkaline solutions
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