Crim unit 4 (2.2)
Cards (7)
- Retribution (Punishment)Based on the idea an offender needs to be punished. Does not seek to alter future behaviour of the offender, only to inflict a punishment for the crime. Aims to provide an adequate level of justice to the victims of the offenders' crimes. Contains an element of revenge, whereby the victims and society are avenged for the wrong done by the individual.
- RehabilitationAim is to reform offenders and reintroduce them to society. Presumes criminal behaviour is due to free will & choice. Believe criminals can change their behaviour. Rehabilitation can be seen in community sentences & probation orders.
- Public ProtectionPunishment must serve the purpose of protecting society from dangerous criminals. Through incapacitation, an offender is prevented from having their freedom. Examples of punishments can include long prison sentences and electronic tagging which aim to punish individuals and protect the public from serious criminals.
- RepatriationOften involves compensating the victim of a crime by ordering the offender to pay a sum of money to the victim. Also aims to ensure offenders 'pay back' and repatriate society by completing unpaid community work. Restorative Justice schemes also created whereby offenders and victims meet. Offenders can make direct repatriation through writing letters of apology, repairing any damage caused and explaining the event/reasons for the crime face to face.
- Individual deterrenceAim is to ensure an offender does not reoffend. A suspended sentence is an example of individual deterrence as imprisonment will occur if further crimes are committed. This is hoped will prevent future offending.
- Recidivism rate would suggest than many prisoners are not deterred from committing crimes as reoffending rate is nearly 50% within a year of release.
- General deterrenceAim is to prevent potential offenders from committing a crime. However, often the impact of a sentence with a deterrent element is weakened by it relating to someone else.