Perino

• Phase diagram


  A graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure

  
• Phase diagram


  • Shows the various phases present at different composition and temperature
  • Indicates solid solubility in one element in other
  • Shows the temperature range over which solidification or liquification of materials systems occurs
  • Indicates temperature at which different phases start to melt
• Alloy


  A combination, either in solution or compound, of two or more components (elements), at least one of which is a metal
• Binary alloy


  An alloy with two components
• Ternary alloy


  An alloy with three components
• Quaternary alloy


  An alloy with four components
• Components


  The elements or compounds which are mixed initially (e.g., Al and Cu)
• Phases


  Different forms or state that materials can take
• Microstructure


  The arrangement, distribution, and characteristics of the constituent phases, grains, or particles within a material at the microscopic scale
• Metastable state


  A state of a system that is not in its lowest energy state (the stable state) but persists for a relatively long time before eventually transitioning to the stable state
• Intermediate Phases or Compounds

  Phases whose chemical compositions are intermediate between the two pure metals, and whose crystalline structures are different from those of the pure metals
• Terminal Solid Solution


  A homogeneous crystalline structure formed when one substance (the solute) is dissolved into another substance (the solvent) to its maximum extent under specific conditions of temperature and pressure
• Intermediate Solid Solution


  A phase in which two or more substances (usually metals or alloys) form a solid solution, but not to the extent of complete solubility as seen in a terminal solid solution
• Intermetallic compounds


  Compounds composed of two or more metallic elements that have a definite proportions and a well-defined crystal structure
• Intermetallic compound


  • Mg2Pb
• Eutectic reaction


  When a liquid solution of fixed composition, solidifies at a constant temperature, forms a mixture of two or more solid phases without an intermediate stage
• Eutectoid reaction


  The eutectoid (eutectic-like) reaction is similar to the eutectic reaction but occurs from one solid phase to two new solid phases
• Peritectic reaction


  An invariant reaction involving three phases (solids) at equilibrium, where upon heating, one solid phase transforms into a liquid phase and another solid phase
• Peritectoid reaction


  The transformation of two solids into a third solid
• Congruent phase transformations


  Phase transformations for which there are no compositional alterations
• Incongruent transformations


  Phase transformations where at least one of the phases experiences a change in composition
• Gibbs phase rule


  A criterion for the number of phases that coexist within a system at equilibrium, expressed as P = C - F + 2 - N, where P is the number of phases, C is the number of components, F is the number of degrees of freedom, and N is the number of non-compositional variables

  
• α-Iron (ferrite)

  A phase of iron that exists at lower temperatures, typically below 910°C, with a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure

  
• δ-Iron


  A phase of iron that exists at high temperatures, typically above 1,390°C, with a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure

  
• γ-Iron


  A phase of iron that exists at intermediate temperatures, typically between 910°C and 1,390°C, with a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure

  
• Fe3C (Cementite)


  A hard and brittle phase that forms in iron-carbon alloys with carbon content above a certain threshold, with an orthorhombic crystal structure