Chemistry 2

• Solutions


  Homogeneous mixtures that appear as one phase
• Solutions


  Composed of solute particles dissolved in an appropriate solvent
• Solute


  The dissolved substance or the component with the least quantity in the solution
• Solvent


  The dissolving medium or the substance with the greatest quantity present in the solution
• Aqueous solution


  A solution in which water is the dissolving medium
• Concentration of solution


  Indicates the amount of solute (in weight or volume) present in a given quantity of solution
• Qualitative expressions of concentration


  • Concentrated solution
  • Dilute solution
• Quantitative expressions of concentration


  • Percentage by Mass
  • Percentage by Volume
  • Percentage by Mass/Volume
  • Molarity
  • Molality
  • Normality
  • Mole Fraction
  • PPM (Part per Million)
  • PPB (Parts per Billion)
• Percentage by mass (% m/m)

  Mass of solute per mass of the solution
• Percentage by volume (% v/v)

  Volume of solute per volume of the solution
• Percentage by mass per volume (% m/v)

  Mass of solute per volume of the solution
• Molarity (M)


  Number of moles of the solute dissolved in one liter of the solution
• Molality (m)


  Number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of the solvent
• Normality


  Number of equivalents of a solute per liter of solution
• Mole fraction


  Ratio between the moles of a substance and the total moles present in the solution
• Parts per million (PPM)


  A portion out of one million
• Parts per billion (PPB)

  A portion out of one billion
• Percentage by Mass a.k.a. mass percent or weight percent

  percentage by volume a.k.a. volume percent

  percentage by mass per volume a.k.a percentage by weight per volume
• Molality (m)

  does NOT contain any volume term.
• Concentration of Solution


  It can be indicated using Qualitative or quantitative expression.