Theories & their models

• Martha Rogers


  Science of unitary human beings
• Dorothea Orem


  Self care deficit
• Imogene King


  Goal attainment theory
• Myra Estrin Levine


  Conservational model
• Betty Neuman


  Neumann system model
• Dorothy Johnson


  Behavioral system model
• Callista Roy


  Adaptational model
• Anne Boykin & Savina O. Schoenhofer


  Nursing as caring; A model for transforming Practice
• Afaf Ibrahim Meleis


  Transition Theory
• Nola J. Pender


  Health promotion model
• Madeleine M. Leininger


  Transcultural nursing theory
• Rosemarie Parse Erikson, Tomlin, Swain

  Theory of Human Becoming
• Rosemarie Parse


  Human Becoming Theory of Nursing
• Erikson, Tomlin, Swain


  Theory of Modeling and Role-Modeling
• Ramona Mercer


  Maternal role attainment
• Merle Mishel


  Uncertainty in illness theory
• Carolyn Wiener & Marylin Dodd

  Theory of Illness Trajectory
• Goal Attainment Theory


  Focuses on the interpersonal system and the interactions that take place between individuals, specifically in the nurse-patient relationship. Focuses on attaining patient's goals by establishing a congruent nurse patient relationship
• Theory of self-care deficit


  Delineates when nursing is needed. Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent, the parent or guardian) is incapable of or limited in the provision of continuous effective self-care. Also describes and explains why people can be helped through nursing
• Myra Levine's external environment

  • Perceptual
  • Conceptual
  • Operational
• Behavioral subsystems


  • Dependency
  • Achievement
  • Ingestive
  • Eliminative
  • Attachment
  • Aggressive
  • Sexual
• Callista Roy was challenged in a seminar with Dorothy Johnson to develop a conceptual model for nursing
• Dorothy Johnson's behavioral system model was greatly influenced by Florence Nightingale's book, Notes on Nursing
• Stressor


  An environmental factor "that has the potential for disrupting system stability"
• Interdependence mode


  Close relationships of people (individually and collectively) and their purpose, structure, and development
• Neuman adapts the concept of levels of prevention from Caplan's conceptual model
• Negentropy


  A process of energy conservation that increases organization and complexity, moving the system towards stability at a higher degree of wellness
• First Nursing therapeutics in Transition Theory

  Assessment of readiness
• Nola Pender


  • Conceptualizes the Health Promotion Model, graduated BSN in Michigan State University
• Madeleine Leininger


  • Obtained her master's degree in psychiatric nursing from Catholic University of America
• Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's human becoming school of thought is "consistent with Martha E. Rogers' principles and postulates about unitary human beings, and it is consistent with major tenets and concepts from existential phenomenological thought, but it is a new product, a different conceptual system"
• Theory of Human becoming


  Explains that a person is more than the sum of the parts, the environment and the person are inseparable, and that nursing is a human science and art that uses an abstract body of knowledge to help people. Allows nurses to create a stronger nurse-patient relationship because the nurse is not focused on "fixing" problems, but is viewing the patient as a whole person living experiences through his or her environment
• Goal Attainment Theory


  Focuses on the interpersonal system and the interactions that take place between individuals, specifically in the nurse-patient relationship. Focuses on attaining patient's goals by establishing a congruent nurse patient relationship
• Theory of self-care deficit


  Delineates when nursing is needed. Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent, the parent or guardian) is incapable of or limited in the provision of continuous effective self-care. Also describes and explains why people can be helped through nursing
• Myra Levine's external environment

  • Perceptual
  • Conceptual
  • Operational
• Behavioral subsystems


  • Dependency
  • Achievement
  • Ingestive
  • Eliminative
  • Attachment
  • Aggressive
  • Sexual
• Callista Roy was challenged in a seminar with Dorothy Johnson to develop a conceptual model for nursing
• Dorothy Johnson's behavioral system model was greatly influenced by Florence Nightingale's book, Notes on Nursing
• Stressor


  An environmental factor "that has the potential for disrupting system stability"
• Interdependence mode


  Close relationships of people (individually and collectively) and their purpose, structure, and development