Physical Health - semi

• Volleyball


  A sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a net
• Object of the game

  To send the ball over the net to ground it on the opponents' courts, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent
• The ball is put into play with a service


  1. Service, hit by the server over the net to the opponent's playing court

  2. Rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court of the opponent, goes "out" or a team fails to return it properly
• Scoring


  Rally point scoring - Receiving team wins a point and the right to serve, players rotate one position clockwise
• William G. Morgan created a new game called Mintonette


  February 9, 1895
• Mintonette


  Pastime to be played preferably indoors and by any number of players, taking some characteristics from tennis and handball
• Mintonette (volleyball)


  • Designed to be an indoor sport less rough than basketball for older members of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort
• First rules of volleyball

  1. Net 6 feet 6 inches high, 25 50-foot court, any number of players

  2. Match composed of 9 innings with 3 serves per team per inning, no limit on ball contacts before sending to opponents

  3. Hitting the ball into the net was a foul except on the first serve

  4. Ladies allowed to catch and throw the ball
• Volleyball


  Name changed from "Mintonette" after an observer noticed the volleying nature of the game
• Ball made specifically for the new game

  1900
• Volleyball rule changes

  1. 1916 - Set and spike introduced

  2. 1920 - 3 hits rule and back row hitting guidelines established

  3. 1917 - Changed from 21 to 15 points
• Volleyball introduced in the Philippines by Elwood Brown, director of YMCA

  1910
• Philippines hosted the Far Eastern Games and won the volleyball championships for both men and women


  1913
• First National Open Volleyball championship held in the Philippines

  was held at the Meralco Gymnasium in 1921
• Volleyball introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo


  1964
• Important dates and events in volleyball development

  • 1900 - Point system adapted
  • 1910 - Introduced in Philippines
  • 1912 - Rotation system adapted
  • 1917 - Changed to 15 points
  • 1964 - Introduced to Olympics
  • 1968 - NAIA made it a competitive sport
  • 1969 - NCAA proposed adding it
  • 1974 - World Championships telecast in Japan
  • 1975 - US women's team began year-round training
  • 1977 - US men's team began year-round training
  • 1963 - AVP formed
  • 1984 - US won first Olympic medals
  • 1986 - WPVA formed
  • 1987 - FIVB added Beach Volleyball World Championship
  • 1988 - US men won Olympic gold
  • 1989 - FIVB Sports Aid Program created
  • 1990 - World League created
  • 1990 - 4-person Pro Beach League started
  • 1994 - First volleyball website created
  • 1995 - Volleyball 100 years old
  • 1995 - 2-person Beach Volleyball debuted at Olympics
  • 2002 - Beach court dimensions reduced
  • 2007 - Longest rally scoring match
• Volleyball in the Philippines


  • Philippine players invented the set and spike
  • Over 800 million people play volleyball weekly worldwide
• Early volleyball in the Philippines


  Played as a backyard and beach sport, with players making up their own rules
• Volleyball associations in the Philippines

  • Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association (PAVA) founded in 1961, renamed Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF) in 2003
  • PVF was the recognized body until 2015 when recognition transferred to Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas (LVPI)
  • LVPI succeeded by Philippine National Volleyball Federation (PNVF) in 2021
• Volleyball court specifications

  • Dimensions - 18m x 9m with 2m (3m open) free zone
  • Surface - Flat, horizontal, uniform, light color indoors, 5mm/m slope allowed outdoors
  • Boundary lines - 5mm wide, different color from floor
  • Center line - Divides court into two 9m x 9m halves
  • Attack lines - 3m parallel to center line, extend indefinitely beyond sidelines
  • Front zone - Limited by attack line
• Volleyball equipment


  • Net - 10cm square dark stitches, rope threaded through bottom
  • Vertical side bands - 5cm wide, 1m long, white, perpendicular to sidelines
  • Antennae - 80cm above net, on outer edge of side bands
  • Net height - 2.43m men, 2.24m women
  • Poles - Round, smooth, 2.55m high, 0.05-1m from sidelines
  • Ball - Spherical, flexible leather case, 65-67cm circumference, 260-280g, 194-319 mbar pressure
• Player's equipment


  • Jersey, shorts, knee pads, sports shoes
  • Shorts must be uniform, clean, same color
  • Shoes must be light, pliable, rubber/leather soles, no heels
  • No jewelry, pins, bracelets, etc. that may cause injury
• Volleyball officials and their duties

  • Referee - Directs match, has final authority, performs toss, decides faults
  • Umpire/2nd Referee - Assists referee, controls scorer, signals positional faults
• Roles of officials


  • Referee
  • Umpire or 2nd Referee
  • Scorer
  • Line Judges or Linesmen
• Referee


  • Checks the legality of the equipment
  • Performs the toss with the team captains
  • Decides upon the faults of the server and of the positions of the serving team
  • Decides upon the faults in playing the ball, the faults above the net and at its upper part
• Umpire or 2nd Referee


  • Stands outside the playing court near the post on the opposite side facing the referee
  • Assistant of the 1st referee and has his own range of jurisdiction
  • May replace 1st referee if he cannot continue his work
  • May signal faults outside his jurisdiction but not insists on them to the 1st referee
  • Controls the work of the scorer
  • During the match, he whistles and signals positional faults of the receiving teams
• Scorer


  • Keeps the score sheet according to the rules, cooperating with the 2nd referee
  • Records the points scored and ensure that the scoreboard indicates the correct score
  • Controls the serving order of each team and indicates any error to the referees immediately after the service hit
  • Records the time outs and player substitutions, controlling their number and informs the 2nd referee
• Line Judges or Linesmen


  • Signal if the ball is "in" or "out"
  • Signal if any player (except the server) steps outside of her playing court at the moment of the service hit
  • Signal the foot faults of the server
• Players


  • Maximum of 12 players per team
  • Each team has the option to register one specialized defensive player "Libero"
  • Only the players recorded on the score sheet may participate in the match
  • Seated at their own team bench beside the scorer's table
  • Assume positions like LF, CF, RF, RB, CB, LB
• Libero


  • Specialized defensive player
  • Allowed to replace any player in a back row position
  • Restricted to perform as a back row player and is not allowed to complete an attack hit from anywhere if the ball is entirely higher that the top of the net
  • May not serve, block, or attempt to block
• Team Captain


  • Indicated in the score sheet and identified inside the court
  • Signs the score sheet before and after the game
  • Represents his team in the toss
• Coach


  • Conducts the play of his team from outside the playing court
  • Selects the starting line ups, their substitutes and takes time outs for giving instructions
  • Contacts officials is 2nd referee
  • Requests time out and substitutions
• Assistant Coach


  • Sits on the team but has no right to intervene in the match
  • May assume coach's functions if the coach has to leave, at the request of the game captain with the authorization of the 1st referee
• Playing Fault - during the volleyball match when the team makes a playing action contrary to the rules, or otherwise violates them, a playing fault is whistled by one of the referees
• Consequence of a Fault

  Loss of rally, the opponent of the team committing the fault wins the rally with a point
• To win a set

  The team that scores first 25 points with a minimum lead of two points. In case of a 24-24 tie, play continued until a two point lead is achieved
• To win the match

  The team that wins three sets out of five sets per game. In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding set (the 5th set) is played to 15 points with a minimum lead of 2 points
• The toss


  1. 1st referee carries out a toss to decide upon the first service and the sides of the court in the first set

  2. If a deciding set is to be played, a new toss will be carried out

  3. The winner of the toss chooses either the right to serve or to receive the service, or the side of the court

  4. The loser takes the remaining choice
• The serve


  1. Server must serve from behind the restraining line until after the contact

  2. Ball may be served underhand or overhand

  3. Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve

  4. Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for point

  5. First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser
• State of play


  • Ball in play - from the moment of the hit of the service authorized by the first referee
  • Ball out of play - at the moment of the fault which is whistled by the referee, or in the absence of the fault before the moment of the whistle by the referee to begin the game
  • Ball "in" - touches the floor at the playing court including the boundary
  • Ball "out" - part of the ball which contacts the floor is completely outside the boundary lines, touches an object outside the court, the ceiling, or a person out of play, touches the antennae, ropes, post or outside the side bands, crosses the vertical plane of the net totally or even partly outside the crossing space during the service or into the opponent's court, or crosses completely the lower space under the net