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ENSC3520
Chemical-induced carcinogenesis
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Victoria Mok
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Subdecks (3)
III
ENSC3520 > Chemical-induced carcinogenesis
27 cards
Carcinogenesis
ENSC3520 > Chemical-induced carcinogenesis
47 cards
Genotoxic carcinogens
ENSC3520 > Chemical-induced carcinogenesis
25 cards
Cards (106)
Neoplasm
(
Tumor
)
lesion
resulting from
abnormal
and
uncontrolled
cell growth (
neoplasia
)
characterized by
swelling
or
increase
in
size
Benign
: Benign neoplasms may grow
large
;
do
not
spread into
, or
invade
, nearby tissues or other parts of the body
Malignant
(
Cancer
): Malignant neoplasms can
spread
into, or
invade
, nearby tissues or other parts of the body through the
blood
and
lymph
systems.
Hyperplasia
: an
increase
in the
number
of cells in a tissue that appear
normal
under a microscope
Dysplasia
: the cells look
abnormal
under a microscope but are
not
cancer
Hyperplasia and dysplasia
may
or
may
not
become
cancer
Characteristics of cancer
Self-sufficiency
in
growth
signals: has their own signals; normally receive signals then divide
Insensitivity
to
anti-growth
signal
Evade
apoptosis
Replicative
immortality (X die)
Characteristics of cancer
Sustained
angiogenesis
: grow new
blood
vessels
(
gain nutrients
+
spread
to other places)
Tissue invasion
and
metastasis
(
spread
)
Reprogramming
of
energy
metabolism
Evading immune destruction
Chemical
carcinogens
agents that
increase
likelihood of cancer formation
change the
rate
/
frequency
of cancer formation on exposure
Genotoxic carcinogen
Mutagenic
(add on
DNA
)
Tumorigenicity:
Dose responsive
(increase
exposure
= increase
rate
)
no
theoretical threshold
(no
definitive
dose where cancer develops)
3 subtypes:
complete
carcinogens,
procarcinogens
,
co-carcinogens
Non-genotoxic (
Epigenetic
) carcinogen
Non
mutagenic
Dose
response
Threshold
+
Reversible
Species
,
Strains
,
Tissue
specificity (only respond if target
receptor
/
tissue
exist) e.g.
Breast
cancer
See all 106 cards