Sts 2

• Gutenberg principle


  The massive distribution of information in an expensive manner because it is institutionalized
• Pre-Gutenberg world


  • Books were written and produced by hand
  • Made in surfaces of clay, wax, papyrus and parchment
  • Hand-produced books and other reading materials were restricted only to the "elite group of people"
  • Information was only relayed to others through word-of-mouth channels
• Gutenberg revolution


  • Technology diffused from Mainz to Subiaco in Italy, Paris and then London
  • Most first printed books were religious texts of the medieval period written in Latin
  • As time passed, some books were written in local language making them available and understandable to common people
  • Scientific and geographic discoveries, and medical books were also published
  • Rise of institutionalized and mediated channels, with "media" passing information to people from all walks of life
• Post-Gutenberg world


  • Emergence of the internet and the world wide web
  • Enabled uploading and downloading of all forms of media instruments such as video, audio, and images
  • Enabled people to publish or spread information
• Rise of digital age


  • Printing press not the only tool used in spreading information
  • Information readily available to pass from one individual to another, even to faraway places
• Computer


  Designed for mathematical calculations and simple decision-making capabilities
• Internet


  • Developed in California, US in the late 1960s, mostly used by scientists to communicate with other scientists
  • Government-controlled project until 1984, first encountered problem was speed
• World Wide Web


  Invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, started in 1990s, for commercial purposes
• Electronic Mail or E-mail


  Invention controversially claimed by V.A Shiva Ayyadurai, an Indian-born American scientist and entrepreneur, started building the system in 1978 when he was 14 years old, copyright for the term E-mail granted in 1982
• Facebook


  Website launched in February 4, 2004 by a computer programmer, Mark Elliot Zuckerberg together with his fellow students in Harvard College and with other roommate
• Twitter


  Created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Tone, and Evan William
• Messenger


  Originally developed as Facebook Chat in 2008 but changed its messaging service in 2010, an instant messaging service and software application
• YouTube


  Today's on-line largest destination and the third most visited website, website made its way through the social media via the tandem of Chad Hurley and Steve Chen, registered the logo and domain in 2005 during Valentine's day
• Google


  Developed as a research project in 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, PhD students at Stanford University, the domain "google com" was registered in September 1997, now the most used search engine in the world wide web
• Instagram


  Created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger in October 2010, a fun photography application