Power and the people

Created by

Becky Curry

Cards (100)

When was the Magna Carta signed? 
June 15, 1215 in Runnymede
Who signed the Magna Carta?
King John
Why was money a cause of the Magna Carta?
-John taxed people highly (scutage)
-he needed taxes for failing wars in France
-he lost the Crown Jewels in a marsh called the Wash
Why was war a cause of the Magna Carta?
-John was known as 'lackland' and 'softsword'
-John lost land in France
-John was an unskilled fighter
Why was religion a cause of the Magna Carta?
- 1207 = Pope makes Langton Archbishop of Canterbury but John doesn't like decision - wants someone who'd side w/him not pope
- John argues w/Pope - angers him. Pope bans church services in England. People scared - if they didn't go to mass they'd go to hell.
- John confiscates church property = All their money going to John
- 1212 = Pope says regicide no longer a sin
What other causes were there for the Magna Carta?
-John did not live up to his brother and father's legacy and rep
-He held the families of the barons hostage
What were some of the clauses of the Magna Carta?
-Freemen have the right to a fair trial
-The church is free to make its own appointments
-Everyone must obey the law (rule of law)
-A council of 24 barons would be created to ensure John is obeying Magna Carta
What does John do August 1215?
Breaks Magna Carta by writing to the Pope- the Pope supports John
What does John breaking Magna Carta lead to?
The 1st Barons War
When and how does John die?
He died in 1216 of dysentery
Who becomes King next?
John's young son, 9 years old, Henry III is crowned in October
What is the short-term significance of the Magna Carta?
-allowed free people to have a fair trial (most people are not free)
-the barons get more of a say
-caused the 1st Barons War
-new idea of control
-not very significant in the short term
What is the long-term significance of the Magna Carta?
-inspired the Us in the Declaration of Independence and constitution
-inspired other countries (like India)
-often quoted when defending human rights
-was used by the UN in the Declaration of Human Rights
What are the themes of the Magna Carta?
War, Religion, Economy, Ideas
Who was Simon de Montfort?
Simon De Montfort was a friend of Henry III (and was even married to the king's sister Eleanor) until their relationship deteriorated
What were the causes of the Provisions of Oxford?
-Henry raised taxes for a war in Sicily he had promised the Pope
-he lost respect from the barons because of this
-his foreign advisor was unpopular with the barons and ordinary people
What were the Provisions of Oxford?
An agreement between Henry and the barons
Like Magna Carta but for Henry
When were the Provisions of Oxford? 
June 1258
What were some of the clauses of the Provisions of Oxford?
-foreign members of the royal household would be banished
-castles would be held by Englishmen
-each county would have a sheriff and taxes would be decided locally
-a council of 15 barons would be in charge of the Great Council
The PoO gave the barons lots of power over the king, they could make decisions without him
What happened in 1259?
-The PoO were extended with the creation of the Provisions of Westminster
What happens in 1261?
-the Pope said that Henry was released from the provisions
-Henry was back in power and de Montfort left for France
What happens in 1264?
-de Montfort returned and started the 2nd Barons War
-de Montfort won the Battle of Lewes and captured the King and his son
what happened in 1265?
-the Great Council met, de Montfort invites the burgesses (commoners)(introduces the idea of the commons)
-the Battle of Evesham, Prince Edward vs. de Montfort
-de Montfort is killed (4th August)
-Henry is back in charge
What is Model Parliament?
-a governing body created by King Edward I that included some commoners, Church officials, and barons
-only barons can vote
What was the short-term significance of Henry III, de Montfort and model parliament?
-2nd Barons War
-included burgesses for the first time
-power of the ordinary man increased (could have their voices heard on parliament, couldn't vote tho)
What is the long-term significance of Henry III, de Montfort and model parliament? 
-de Montfort becomes known as the "Father of Parliament"
-introduced the idea of the Commons (House of Commons)
What are the themes of Henry III, de Montfort and model parliament?
War, Religion, Economy, Individuals, Ideas
What were the causes of the Peasant's revolt?
-The Black Death (1348) wipes out 1/3 of the population, Lords and Barons struggle to find workers. Peasants are able to start demanding higher wages
-Statute of Labourers (1351): workers couldn't earn more than they did before the Black Death
-The Poll Tax (1381): everyone had to pay the same amount (too expensive for peasants, barley anything for the rich)
-John Ball (a priest) said that in God did not make rich and poor
What were the events of the peasants revolt?
-John Ball was arrested
-30th May: Peasants refuse to pay poll tax
—7th June: A speech is given by Wat and John is released from prison. They also kill the Archbishop of Canterbury
-June: The king (Richard) goes out to meet the peasants
-15th June: Richard meets the rebels (again). Wat is killed during negotiations. The king calms the crowd and says that he is their leader
What was the short-term significance of the peasants revolt?
-Wat Tyler and John Ball were executed
-Richard II remained in charge
-very slowly workers began to rise again due to the lack of workers
-not very significant (it failed)
What is the long-term significance of the peasants revolt?
-Gradually peasants became free men
-the first working class rebellion
-the Poll Tax did not return to Britain until the 1980s with Maggie Thatch
What are the main themes of the peasants revolt?
War, Religion, Economy, Individuals, Ideas
What was the Reformation?
When Henry VIII created his own Church so he could have a divorce. It led to many religious changes. Catholic to Protestant.
What were the causes of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
-Henry VIII changed the religion in England to Protestant from Catholic with the Act of Supremacy(1534)
-this lead to the dissolution of the monasteries
What were the 3 demands of the Pilgrims?
-the restoration of the monasteries
-to recognise the Pope as the Head of the Church
-to remove Thomas Cromwell from power
What were the events of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
1st Oct 1536: Lincolnshire Rising
4-10th Oct: Robert Aske raises force in Yorkshire
11th Oct: 10,000 rebels assembled at Lincoln. Dispersed.
16th Oct: Aske led 10,000 to York. York Articles. Marched to Pontefract. Now 40,000.
21st Oct: Lord Darcy surrendered Pontefract
27th Oct: Truce signed. Negotiations with Duke of Norfolk.
4th Dec: Aske presents Pontefract Articles. Rebels pardoned.
Jan: Henry's chance to find rebels/execute leaders/subdue North. Aske is executed
What was the short-term significance of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
-Henry was convinced of his right to rule
-no more rebellions occurred under Henry's reign
-the 200 executions were a warning to others
-it failed
What is the long-term significance of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
-Henry secured power in the North with the council of the North
-he increased the power of loyal families
-he secured the border with Scotland
What are the main themes of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Religion, Chance, Individuals, Ideas, War
What were the causes of the English Civil War? 
-The Divine Right of Kings: Charles I believed that he should not be held down by any earthly authority like parliament
-Favourites: Parliament didn't like Charles' favourites receiving lots of money and power
-Ruling with out parliament: Charles dissolved parliament in 1629 and ruled without them for 11 years
-Money: In 1637 Charles taxes everyone for ship money
-Religion: The church became more Catholic with changes introduced by Archbishop William Laud. Charles was also married to a Catholic