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Natural hazards
Climate Change
Evidence
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Cards (9)
How do Ice cores provide LONG-TERM evidence for climate change?
As
ice
forms, tiny
bubbles
of
air
are trapped in the ice.
The trapped air contains a record of the
carbon
dioxide and
methane
levels at the time.
the more CO2 the
warmer
the temperatures were.
Scientists in Cambridge have found clear evidence of a
rapid
increase in temperature in recent decades.
How does melting ice provide evidence for climate change?
The world’s
ice
sheets are
decreasing
in size.
Over the last 30 years, the
Arctic
ice has
thinned
to around half its earlier thickness.
There are fears that the Arctic could become
ice-free
by 2100.
How does rising sea levels provide SHORT-TERM evidence for climate change?
Sea levels have
risen
by 19 centimetres since 1900 and are expected to
continue
to rise.
Describe why sea levels are rising
When temperature rises + freshwater ice
melts
, more
water
flows to the seas from the
glaciers
+ice caps.
When ocean water warms, expands in volume – thermal expansion.
How does glacier retreat provide SHORT-TERM evidence for climate change?
Photographs of glaciers taken in the Alps : high mountain ranges since the mid-1800s highlight changes in the Earth’s climate.
Glaciers globally = shrinking + retreating.
Estimated = disappear fully, 2035.
How does increase in extreme weather events show evidence for climate change?
More
energy
= more intense tropical storms.
In 2011 the IPCC : extreme weather more common due to global warming
The atmospheric circulation may be affected, floods - dry regions + heatwaves - cooler areas.
Migration patterns
The timing of natural seasonal activities such as tree flowering and bird
migration
is advancing.
65
species of bird were nesting an average
9
days earlier in the
1970s
compared to the mid
1990s.
Long-term evidence
Ice cores
Pollen analysis
Short-term evidence
Glacier
retreat
migration patterns change
Sea level rise
More extreme weather events : droughts