Biopsychology

• The spinal cord is a long bunch of axons which extends from the bottom of the brain to the bottom of the back . It is surrounded by hard bone called the spinal column .
• When positively charged particles flow into the neuron, this causes a change in voltage called an excitatory post-synaptic potential.
• When negatively charged particles flow into the neuron, this causes a change in voltage called an inhibitory post-synaptic potential.
•  A nerve impulse occurs if multiple excitatory post-synaptic potentials summate in the post-synaptic neuron.
•  The spinal cord is a long bunch of axons.  The spinal column is the hard bone around the spinal cord. The spinal cord is located in the back. Information that travels to the brain goes up the spinal cord. Information that travels from the brain goes down the spinal cord.
• The nervous system is only made up of neurons. The nervous system includes sensory, motor and relay neurons. The spinal cord is part of the nervous system. The brain is part of the nervous system.
• Relay neurons form a synapse with neurons that tell muscles to move, which are called motor neurons.
• The nervous system is the network of all the neurons in the body.
• The function of the motor neuron is to bind to muscle fibres, where information is sent to the muscle to control movement.
• All the neurons within the brain and spinal cord and all the parts of the nervous system within the spinal column and skull are part of the central nervous system.
• All the neurons within the brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system.
•  All the parts of the nervous system that are outside the brain and spinal cord are part of the peripheral nervous system.
• All the parts of the nervous system that are located within the spinal column and skull are part of the central nervous system.
• locations of neurons:

  relay -> CNS

  sensory -> CNS and PNS

  motor -> CNS and PNS
• Relay neurons are only ever found in the brain and in the spinal cord. we can draw the conclusion from this that relay neurons are only present in the central nervous system.
• Sensory neurons are present in both the peripheral and central nervous system.
•  Motor neurons are present in both the peripheral and central nervous system.
• Sensory neurons are only present within the central nervous system.
• The somatic nervous system controls the muscles in our limbs, and carries sensory information to the central nervous system. It is a part of the peripheral nervous system.
• The autonomic nervous system carries information to and from the internal organs, and that is vital to basic functioning. It is a part of the peripheral nervous system.
• The activities of the somatic nervous system are usually conscious.
• The activities of the autonomic nervous system are usually unconscious.
• The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic or parasympathetic and the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system.
• The autonomic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system, which carries information to and from our internal organs, to control vital functions like breathing, peeing, and digestion.
• The part that generally decreases bodily activities is called the parasympathetic nervous system.
• The cells in the endocrine system group into clusters called glands .
• The cells in the nervous system are called neurons .
• Cells in the body can communicate via electrical signals called nerve impulses. These impulses are also called action potentials.
•  Glands communicate by releasing hormones.
• Hormones are chemical messengers released into the bloodstream.
• The network of all the neurons in the body is called the central nervous system (CNS)
• The endocrine system communicates through hormones released into the bloodstream. The cells in the endocrine system group into clusters called glands.
• The nervous system communicates through electrical signals and neurotransmitters.The cells in the nervous system are called neurons.
• Glands in the brain receive instructions via electrical signals .
• Glands communicate with other glands and cells via hormones .
• The glands in our brain communicate through hormones into the blood stream
• The cells in the endocrine system group into clusters called glands, whereas the cells in the nervous system are called neurons.
• The endocrine system communicates via glands through hormones released into the bloodstream. On the other hand, the nervous system communicates through electrical signals sent from one neuron to the next
• Glands in the brain receive electrical signals from neurons, and then send hormones.
• Some cells in the brain release hormones.