Reproduction - U2

• Reproduction

  Reproduction is the production of new individuals of the same kind or of the same species.
• Specie

  A specie is a group of living organisms which can reproduce among themselves producing fertile offspring(s).
• Offspring

  Offspring is the young born of living organisms.
• What happens organisms stop reproducing?

  A specie may go extinct.
• Types of reproduction.

  1. Asexual reproduction
  2. Sexual reproduction
• Asexual reproduction

  It takes place in organisms such as bacteria, fungi (e.g; yeast) and amoeba. Also in some plants
• Amoeba

  Amoeba is a unicellular organism usually found in water bodies such as ponds.
• Asexual Reproduction

  A single parent is involved
• Types of asexual reproduction

  • Amoeba dividing equally to form two new individuals
  • Parent yeast cell giving rise to small buds that eventually separate and mature into new yeast cells
  • Strawberry plants reproducing using runners
  • Potato plants reproducing using tubers (stem swellings) where each 'eye' can form a new genetically identical plant
• Offspring produced during asexual reproduction are genetically identical to each other and to the parent
• Sexual reproduction

  1. Two parents are involved.
  2. Offsprings produced during sexual reproduction are neither genetically identical to the parents nor to each other
• 2 Main steps in sexual reproduction in humans.

  1. Gamete formation
  2. Fertilisation
• Testes

  • Testes are male reproductive organs which produce the male sex cells.(sperms)
• Gametes

  Gametes are specialised sex cells produced by male and female reproductive systems.
• Ovaries

  • Ovaries are the female organs in which the female sex cells (eggs or ova/ovum) are produced.
• Sexual reproduction involves the production and fusion of sex cells called gametes.
• Fertilisation

  During sexual intercourse, male gametes are released into female reproductive tract. A sperm cell then fuses with an egg/ovum by the process of fertilisation producing a fertilised egg called zygote. The zygote then develops into an embryo which eventually develops into a foetus.
• Sexual Reproduction in humans

  1. Egg + Sperm = Zygote ( This process is fertilisation ).
  2. Zygote turns into embryo.
  3. Embryo turns into foetus.
• Zygote is the fertilised egg that develops into a human embryo.
• Sperm duct

  It is a tube that carries sperm to the urethra.
• Urethra

  It is a tube that carries urine or semen to the outside of the body.
• Testis

  It is the organ producing sperms.
• Penis

  It is an organ that releases sperms in the vagina of the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse.
• Male Reproductive System Organs

  1. Urinary Bladder
  2. Sperm duct
  3. Urethra
  4. Penis
  5. Testis
  6. Prostate Gland
  7. Seminal Vesicle
  8. Scrotum
• Scrotum

  It is a sac-like structure that holds the testis outside the body.