LTM

• Types of LTM proposed by Tulving


  • Semantic
  • Episodic
  • Procedural
• Semantic LTM


  General knowledge that requires conscious effort to recall. Not time-stamped and less vulnerable to distortion and forgetting
• Episodic LTM


  Events in our lives that require conscious effort to recall. Time-stamped and more vulnerable to distortion or forgetting
• Procedural LTM


  Actions or skills that do not require conscious effort to recall. Become automatic but difficult to explain and implicit
• Strength of LTM types

  Tulving used PET scans to find ...

  • Semantic memory is associated with left prefrontal cortex
  • Episodic memory is associated with right prefrontal cortex
• Strength of LTM types

  • HM displayed normal functioning in semantic memory, but impaired in episodic memory, showing clear separation for LTM types
• Weakness of LTM types - case studies like HM lack control of variables before and after the injury, meaning we can't establish a relationship between brain region and LTM type