BIOLOGY

• Amyloplast - an organelle in some plant cells that sore starch
• Cell wall - a thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell
• Cell membrane - Composed of a thin layer of protein and fat
• centrosome - a small body located near the nucleus
• chlorophyll - usually colored green in photosynthesis
• chloroplast - elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll
• cytoplasm - jellylike material outside the cell nucleus
• golgi body - flattened layered sac like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus
• mitochondria - double-membraned organelles
• nuclear memberane - membrane that surrounds the nucleus
• nucleolus - where ribosomal RNA is produced
• nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus
• Ribosome - small organelles that are sites of protein synthesis
• Rough ER - Convulated sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm
• Smooth ER - convulated tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm
• Vacuole - a large membrane bound space within a plant cell that is filled with fluid
• Lysosome - Round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes
• cells - the fundamental building blocks used to create tissues, organs, and entire functioning organisms
• Carbohydrates - composed of the elements carbon, hydro, oxygen
• Lipids - chemical molecules resulting from fatty acids
• proteins - a large class of biological molecules consisting of chains of amino acids is called polypeptides
• Nucleic acids - a chain of nucleotides which stores genetic information in biologiccal systems. It creates DNA and RNA
• Prokaryotic cells - Single-celled organisms without membrane bound organelles or nucleus
• Eukaryotic cells - Enclosed by a plasma membrane
• Passive transport - movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input
• Active transport - movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration
• Diffusion - The net movement of particles down their concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
• osmosis - solvent molecules move through a semiperieable membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution
• mitosis - single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells
• meiosis - genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them
• Botany - the branch of biology that deals with the study of plants, including their structure, properties, and biochemical processes.
• Parenchymal

  Structure: cube-shaped

  Functions: cellular respiration
• Collenchymal

  Structure: elongated

  Functions: support, wind resistance
• Sclerenchyma

  Structure: very thick cell walls containing lignin
• Meristematic tissues - mass of young, immature and undifferentiated cells, which remain young forever and divide throughout the life of the plant.
• Eumeristems - formed from pre formed meristems; always keeps dividing and never loses its power of division.
• Psuedomeristems - Formed from differentiation of permanent tissues like cambium and cork cambium.
• Epidermis - outermost, protoderm-derived layer of cells covering the stem, root, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed part of the plants
• Periderm - outer covering that replaces the epidermis of certain pants
• Vascular tissues - multiple cell types in vascular plants