Cold War Key

• Germany is reunified


  3rd October
• Germany joined NATO


  1991
• Border opened and Berlin Wall destroyed


  November
• Biggest demonstration against the Berlin Wall

  November 4
• Gorbachev visited East Germany in October to show relations between USSR and USA were improving
• Gorbachev wanted to make the Soviet Union stronger through reform
• Gorbachev rejected the Brezhnev Doctrine in 1988
• Carter used the Helsinki Agreements to put pressure on the USSR to improve human rights
• Gorbachev's 'glasnost' and 'perestroika' policies led to the collapse of the USSR
• The Cold War ended in 1989
• Poland reformed first and elected a non-Communist government in 1989
• Hungary proposed free elections and opened its border with Austria in 1989
• The 'zero option' was where Reagan asked the USSR to remove their weapons and the USA would not deploy missiles to Europe
• Reagan wanted to eradicate the humiliation of the Vietnam war and Soviet involvement in the Middle East
• The SALT 2 treaty was ratified, limiting the amount of nuclear weapons
• Nixon's visit to Moscow and China improved US-China relations
• The Carter Doctrine stated the USA would use military force to defend the Persian Gulf from Soviet interference
• Gorbachev's 'glasnost' and 'perestroika' policies led to more openness and freedom in the USSR
• The Strategic Defense Initiative ('Star Wars') gave the USA an advantage over the USSR
• The USSR's involvement in Afghanistan was a drain on their economy
• The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan led to a second Cold War between the USA and USSR