IPT MIDTERM REVIEWER

• Web Service


  A method of communication between two electronic devices over the World Wide Web (WWW) network. They allow applications to communicate with each other and exchange data in a standardized format, such as XML or JSON (Java Script Object Notation).
• Web Services


  • Can be accessed by various clients, including web browsers, mobile devices, and desktop applications
  • Can be used by software programs written in a variety of programming languages and running on a variety of platforms to exchange data
  • Provide a standardized and platform-independent way for applications to communicate and share data over the internet
• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)


  • A transport-independent messaging protocol
  • Built on sending XML data in the form of SOAP Messages
• UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration)


  • A standard for specifying, publishing and discovering a service provider's online services. It provides a specification that aids in the hosting of data via web services.
  • Provides a repository where WSDL files can be hosted so that a client application can discover a WSDL file to learn
• WSDL (Web Services Description Language)


  An XML-based file that explains what the web service does to the client application. The client application will be able to understand where the web service is located and how to use it by using the WSDL document.
• Service Provider


  • Entity that hosts the web service. It exposes a set of functionalities or resources that other applications can access over the internet.
  • These functionalities are typically described in a standardized format, such as WSDL (Web Services Description Language).
• Service Consumer


  The application or system that wants to use the functionalities provided by the web service. It communicates with the service provider to send requests and receive responses.
• Request and Response


  1. Communication between the service consumer and the service provider typically happens over HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) or HTTPS (HTTP Secure).

  2. The service consumer sends a request to the web service, specifying the desired operation and any necessary parameters
• Data Exchange


  • Web services commonly use XML (Extensible Markup Language) or JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) for data exchange.
  • XML-based formats like SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) are often used for more structured and formal communication, while JSON is lightweight and commonly used in RESTful (Representational State Transfer) web services.
• Interoperability


  • One of the key advantages of web services is interoperability, meaning that different applications and systems can communicate with each other regardless of the technologies they are built with.
  • As long as both the service provider and the service consumer adhere to the agreed-upon standards and protocols, they can exchange data seamlessly.
• XML-based

  • The information representation and record transportation layers of a web service employ XML. There is no need for networking, operating system, or platform binding when using XML. At the middle level, web offering-based applications are highly interoperable.
• Loosely Coupled

  • the customer of an internet service provider isn't necessarily directly linked to that service provider. The user interface for a web service provider can change over time without impacting the user's ability to interact with the service provider.
  • A strongly coupled system means that the patron's and server's decisions are inextricably linked, indicating that if one interface changes, the other should be updated as well.
• Web Services

  • Capability to be Synchronous or Asynchronous - Synchronicity refers to the client's connection to the function's execution. The client is blocked and the client has to wait for the service to complete its operation, before continuing in synchronous invocations. Asynchronous operations allow a client to invoke a task and then continue with other tasks.
• Web Services

  • Coarse-Grained - Object-oriented systems, such as Java, make their services available through individual methods. At the corporate level, a character technique is far too fine an operation to be useful.
  • Building a Java application from the ground, necessitates the development of several fine-grained strategies, which are then combined into a rough-grained provider that is consumed by either a buyer or a service.
• Web Services

  • Supports Remote Procedural Call - Consumers can use an XML-based protocol to call procedures, functions, and methods on remote objects utilizing web services. A web service must support the input and output framework exposed by remote systems.
  • Enterprise-wide component development Over the last few years, JavaBeans (EJBs) and.NET Components have become more prevalent in architectural and enterprise deployments. A number of RPC techniques are used to allocate and access both technologies.
• Web Services


  • Supports Document Exchanges - One of XML's most appealing features is its simple approach to communicating with data and complex entities. These records can be as simple as talking to a current address or as complex as talking to an entire book or a Request for Quotation. Web administrations facilitate the simple exchange of archives, which aids incorporate reconciliation.
• Web Services

  • Business Functions can be exposed over the Internet - a web service is a controlled code component that delivers functionality to client applications or end-users. This capability can be accessed over the HTTP protocol, which means it can be accessed from anywhere on the internet.
  • Because all apps are now accessible via the internet, Web services have become increasingly valuable.
• Web Services

  • Interoperability - Web administrations allow diverse apps to communicate with one another and exchange information and services. Different apps can also make use of web services.
  • A .NET application, for example, can communicate with Java web administrations and vice versa. To make the application stage and innovation self-contained, web administrations are used.
• Web Services

  • Communication with Low Cost - Because web services employ the SOAP over HTTP protocol, you can use your existing low-cost internet connection to implement them. Web services can be developed using additional dependable transport protocols, such as FTP, in addition to SOAP over HTTP.
• Web Services

  • A Standard Protocol that Everyone Understands - Web services communicate via a defined industry protocol. In the web services protocol stack, all four layers (Service Transport, XML Messaging, Service Description, and Service Discovery) use well-defined protocols.
• Web Services

  • Reusability - a single web service can be used simultaneously by several client applications.
• Middleware


  • Software that acts as an intermediary between different applications, systems, or components to facilitate communication, data management, and integration.
  • It sits between the operating system and the application, providing services and functionalities that help in building distributed systems, connecting heterogeneous components, and abstracting complexity.
• Middleware

  • Communication - Facilitates communication between distributed components or systems by providing standardized protocols, messaging formats, and communication mechanisms.
  • It enables applications to exchange data and messages reliably and efficiently over networks.
• Middleware

  • Integration - Helps integrate disparate systems, technologies, and platforms by providing interoperability between them.
  • It abstracts away the differences in data formats, communication protocols, and interfaces, allowing applications to work together seamlessly.
• Middleware

  • Data Management - Often includes features for managing and manipulating data, such as caching, transformation, and synchronization.
  • It provides services for accessing, storing, and processing data across distributed environments, ensuring consistency and reliability.
• Middleware


  • Security - Can incorporate security mechanisms to protect data and communications from unauthorized access, tampering, or interception.
  • It may include features such as authentication, authorization, encryption, and digital signatures to enforce security policies and mitigate risks.
• Middleware

  • Scalability and Performance - Can help optimize the performance and scalability of distributed systems by providing mechanisms for load balancing, resource allocation, and distributed processing.
  • It enables applications to scale horizontally across multiple nodes or servers, handling increased workloads efficiently.
• Middleware

  • Fault Tolerance and Reliability - Often includes features for building robust and fault-tolerant systems that can withstand failures and errors.
  • It may incorporate mechanisms such as replication, redundancy, and failover to ensure continuous operation and data integrity.
• Functions of Web Services

  • It's possible to access it via the internet or intranet networks
  • XML messaging protocol that is standardized
  • Operating system or programming language independent
  • Using the XML standard, it is self-describing
  • A simple location approach can be used to locate it
• Components of Web Services

  • SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
  • UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration)
  • WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
• How Does Web Service Work?

  1. Service Provider

  2. Service Consumer

  3. Request and Response

  4. Data Exchange

  5. Interoperability
• Features/Characteristics of Web Service

  • XML Based
  • Loosely Coupled
  • Capability to be Synchronous or Asynchronous
  • Coarse-Grained
  • Supports Remote Procedural Call
  • Supports Document Exchanges
• Advantages of Web Service

  • Business Functions can be exposed over the Internet
  • Interoperability
  • Communication with Low Cost
  • A Standard Protocol that Everyone Understands
  • Reusability
• Functionalities of Middleware


  • Communication
  • Integration
  • Data Management
  • Security
  • Scalability and Performance
  • Fault Tolerance and Reliability
• HTML


  Hypertext Markup Language, is the language used to describe structured documents and the language used to create web pages on the internet.
• Hypertext


  Text (often with embeds such as images, too) that is organized in order to connect related items
• Markup


  A style guide for typesetting anything to be printed in hardcopy or soft copy format
• Language

  A language that a computer system understands and uses to interpret commands.
• HTML Tags

  HTML has "tags" that let you get this done. So, there are tags to create headings, paragraphs, bolded words, italicized words, and more.
• HTML Elements

  • An element consists of the opening tag, a character, the content, and a closing tag. Some elements are empty – that is, they don't have a closing tag but instead have a source or link to content that you want to embed on the web page.
  • Are often used interchangeably with tags, but there's a small difference between the two. An element is a combination of the opening and closing tag, and then the content between them.