B tech sports

• Coaches need to know athletes aims and objectives.

  
  

  Aims = something which an athlete wants to achieve
• Aims are important because:

  1. Gives them a target
  2. Makes the training specific by replicating the demands of the sport.
  3. Increases motivation
• Objectives= how athletes intend to reach their aim using appropriate components of fitness and methods of training.
• When designing a training programme for athletes one must consider:

  • Lifestyle : job, kids, sleep, diet
  • Physical activity history: previous injures, experience
• When designing a training programme it is important to consider the attitudes and personal motivation.
• 3 motivations:

  • To do well in the competition
  • enjoy the process of getting fitter
  • enjoy how it makes you feel
• 3 attitude's which negatively impact motivation:

  • comparing yourself to others
  • only doing it for the money
  • demanding or forceful coach
• Motivation = The internal mechanisms and external stimuli which drive behaviour
• Extrinsic motivation = A behaviour driven from an outside source such as prize money, trophies and recognition
• Intrinsic motivation = The inner drive to succeed due to enjoyment and satisfaction.
• Goal setting is important as it:

  • Increases drive to succeed
  • Directs motivation, work ethic and commitment
  • Directs training programme
• SMARTER is a good way to create effective goals

  • Specific
  • Measurable
  • Achievable
  • Realistic
  • Time-related
  • Exciting
  • Recordable
• Short term goal = set over a short period of time

  Long term goal = what an athlete wants to achieve over a long period of time.
• Goals can help fulfil motivation by:

  • providing direction for behaviour
  • maintains focus on task in hand
• Effects or aerobic endurance training :

  • Cardiac hypertrophy, thickens the ventricle walls.
  • Decreases the resting heart rate
  • Increases strength of respiratory muscles
  • Capillarisation around alveoli
• Effects of flexibility training:

  • Increased range of movement in joints
  • Increased flexibility in ligaments and tendons
• Effects of muscular endurance training:

  • Improved capillarisation
  • Improved endurance of muscle fibres
• Effects of speed training:

  • Increased tolerance to lactic acid allowing them to remain at top speed
• Effects of muscular strength and power training:

  • Muscle hypertrophy
  • Increased tendon and ligament strength
  • increased bone density
• Public provision = break even rather than make a profit and subsided by the local government for example a leisure centre
• Public provision advantages :

  • Affordable opportunities
  • can offer government initiatives such as free swimming classes
• Public provision disadvantages :

  • Longer to respond to trends due to low budget
  • facilities not as highly maintained
  • poor coaching
• Private provision = runs to make a profit for example a private gym
• Private provision advantages:

  • higher quality facilities and equipment
  • Better coaching due to more money being available
• Private provision disadvantages:

  • More expensive
  • it is not as inclusive to the community
• Voluntary provision = operate as a non profit
• Voluntary provision advantages:

  • free coaching
  • Serve the community reduce social isolation
• Voluntary provision disadvantages:

  • Smaller class capacity
  • sponsorships are hard to come by
  • poor facilities
  • poor coaching
• components of fittness =

  • Aerobic endurance
  • muscular endurance
  • speed
  • strength
  • body composition
  • flexibility
• Components of skill =

  • Power
  • Agility
  • Reaction time
  • Balance
  • Coordination
• FITT =

  • Frequency
  • Intensity
  • Time
  • Type
• Additonal principles of training=

  • Specificity
  • Individual differences
  • Adaptation
  • Reversibility
  • Variation
  • Rest
• Intensity can be determined by measuring heart rate. You can do this by feeling your pulse for 30 seconds and multiplying it by 2.
• The Karvonen Formula = 220-age
• The borg rating of perceived exertion scale = 6-20, you can estimate your heart rate by using the equation : RPE x 10
• 1 rep max = strength

  15 rep mex = muscular endurance
• To measure excersice intensity you can use=

  • Heart rate monitors
  • Smart watches
  • Apps
• 5 main reasons for fitness testing =

  • Baseline data for monotoring performance
  • Desgin training programmes based on results
  • Determine if training programmes are working
  • Give a performer something to aim for
  • helps with setting realistic goals
• Fitness tests are uses to asses a performers level of fitness in each component of fitness.
• Protocols must include =

  • How the test is set up
  • which equipment should be used
  • how to complete the test correctly
  • record the results accurately