BACTE

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Dee

Cards (227)

  • Staphylococcus
    Pinhead colonies
    Mod. oxidase (-)
    Lysostaphin and Furazolidone (S)
    Ferments sugar
  • Micrococcus
    Mod. oxidase (+)
    Lysostaphin and Furazolidone (R)
    Oxidizes sugar
  • Stomatococcus
    Mod. oxidase (-)
    Lysostaphin and Furazolidone (R)
  • S. aureus
    Virulence factors:
    -Protein A (cell wall)
    -Leukocidin (Panton-Valentine)
    -Exfoliatin (SSS/Ritter’s disease)
    -TSST-1 (Tampons)
    Identification:
    -Staphyloxanthin (Lipochrome): Yellow-orange colony
    -(+) Phosphatase, ONPG, Arginine, NO3, VP, Gelatin
    -(-) PYR
    Infections:
    -Carbuncles, furuncles, folliculitis, cellulitis, impetigo, bacteremia, endocarditis,
    osteomyelitis
  • S. lugdunensis
    Slide coagulase (+)
    PYR (+)
  • S. intermedius 

    Slide coagulase (+)
    VP (-)
  • Lab. Diagnosis
    (Staphylococcus)
    Nasal swab: carrier of S. aureus
    Culture:
    -Vogel-Johnson: Black colonies
    -Chapman: Black colonies
    -Tellurite Glycine: Black colonies
    -P agar
    -PEA: selective
    -Columbia CNA: selective
  • S. epidermidis
    #1 skin flora
    Blood culture contaminant
    Biofilm/slime production: Prosthetic heart valve > Endocarditis, bacteremia
    UTI: catheterized
  • S. saprophyticus
    UTI: sexually active women
  • Streptococcus
    Pinpoint colonies
    Capnophilic: 5-10% CO2
    SBA: Medium of choice
    PEA: Selective medium
  • Smith and Brown’s classification
    Hemolysis:
    1. Alpha = incomplete (green)
    2. Beta = complete (clear)
    3. Gamma = no zone
    4. Alpha prime = alpha (around colonies) + beta (around alpha)
  • S. pyogenes
    (Group A)
    (Beta-hemolytic)
    Universally susceptible to antibiotics
    Virulence factors:
    -SLO = O2-labile, subsurface hemolysis, immunogenic
    -SLS = O2-stable, surface hemolysis, non-immunogenic
    -Erythrogenic toxin (Scarlet fever)
    Diseases:
    -Pharyngitis, AGN, RHF, erysipelas, impetigo
    -Scarlet fever:
    1. Dick’s test (red): Skin test
    2. Schultz-Charlton (rash fade/blanching): Immunity test
  • S. agalactiae (Group B)
    (Beta-hemolytic)
    Vaginal and URT flora
    #1 neonatal meningitis
  • Group C
    (Beta-hemolytic)
    S. equisimilis
    S. equi
    S. zoopedemicus
    S. dysagalactiae
  • Group F
    (Beta-hemolytic)
    S. anginosus
  • Group D Enterococcus
    (Alpha, beta or gamma-
    hemolytic)
    E. faecalis
    E. faecium
    E. durans
    E. avium
    Cause UTI
    Drug-resistant: VRE
  • Group D non-Enterococcus
    (Alpha, beta or gamma-
    hemolytic)

    S. bovis
    S. equinus
    Cause UTI
  • S. pneumoniae
    (Alpha-hemolytic)
    Lancet-shaped, diplococci
    Colonies: Mexican hat/ Dome-shaped
    Encapsulated
    #1 Adult bacterial meningitis
    Most common cause of Otitis media
    Lobar pneumonia: Rusty sputum
    Lab. Diagnosis:
    1. Neufeld Quellung (pptn. test, capsular swelling)
    2. Bile solubility
    -BAP: 10% Na desoxycholate
    -Tube: 2% Na desoxycholate
    3. Francis test: skin test
    4. Mouse virulence test: (+) death
  • Viridans Streptococci
    S. mitis (mitior)
    S. salivarius
    S. uberis
    S. constellatus
    S. intermedius
    S. mutans = dental plaques/caries
    S. sanguis = SBE
  • Nutritionally Variant
    Abiotrophia
    Granulicatella
    Require Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)
    (+) Staph. Streak test
  • Vancomycin Resistant
    Leuconostoc = LAP (-)
    Pediococcus = LAP (+)
  • Neisseria
    Aerobic
    Gram (-) diplococci
    Oxidase (Taxo N): Presumptive test (+)
    CTA: Confirmatory test
    Capnophilic: 5-10% CO2
  • N. gonorrhoeae
    Pili: Adherence
    Diseases:
    -Gonorrhea (“Clap”)
    -Ophthalmia neonatorum (Tx: Erythromycin eye drops)
    -Salphingitis
    -Epididymitis
    Lab. Diagnosis:
    -Culture:
    a.Sterile:
    = CAP: (+) Growth
    = BAP: (-) Growth (Fastidious)
    b. Nonsterile:
    = GC agar: AST media
    = TMA (Vancomycin-Colistin-Nystatin)
    = MTM (V-C-N-Trimethoprim lactate)
    = MLA (V-C-Anisomycin-T)
    = NYCA (V-C-Amphotericin B-T)
  • N. meningitidis
    Carrier: Nasopharynx
    Virulence factors:
    -Capsule
    -Endotoxin
    -Pili
    -IgA protease
    Diseases:
    -Meningitis
    -Meningococcemia
    -Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (Adrenal gland hemorrhage)
    -DIC
    Lab. Diagnosis:
    -Culture:
    a.BAP = (+) Growth
    b. CAP = (+) Growth
    -Serotypes: A, B, C, Y, W135 (Capsular Antigens)
  • M. catarrhalis 

    Commensal of URT
    (+) NO3 > NO2
    (+) Butyrate disk
    (+) Tributyrin hydrolysis
    (G) Nutrient Agar
    Colony: Hockey Puck
    3rd cause of Otitis media
  • N. sicca
    Breadcrumb/wrinkled colony
  • N. lactamica
    (+) ONPG
  • Superoxol catalase test
    30% H2O2
    (+) N. gonorrhoeae
  • Beta-lactamase test 

    1.Chromogenic cephalosporin test or Nitrocefin/Cefinase disk test
    -(+) Pink/red color
    2. Acidimetric
    -Phenol red > (+) Colorless
    3. Acidimetric
    -I2 > (+) Yellow
  • Mycobacteria
    AFB (Mycolic acid)
    Much granules = metachromatic
    Aerobic nonsporeformer
    3 Groups:
    M. tuberculosis complex = cause TB
    1.M. tuberculosis = pulmonary TB
    a.M. bovis = intestinal TB, bovine TB (BCG)
    b. M. africanum = pulmonary TB in Africa
    2. MOTT (New: NTM)
    3. M. leprae
  • M. tuberculosis
    “Koch bacillus”
    Capnophilic
    Virulence: Cord Factor and Sulfatides
    Lab Dx:
    1. GS = qualify specimen
    > 10 epithelial cells = saliva
    < 10 epithelial cells (>25 pus cells) = sputum
    2. Decontamination-Digestion = Best
    -Na citrate: remove metallic compound
    3. AFS
    4. Culture
  • Pott’s disease
    Bone TB
  • Photochromogens
    (Group I)
    1.M. marinum (“Of the sea”)
    -(+) pyrazinamidase
    -(+) urease
    2. M. asiaticum
    3. M. simiae
    -1st: Macaca rhesus monkey
    4. M. kansasii (“Yellow bacillus”)
    -(+) Heat-stable catalase
    -(+) Tween 80 hydrolysis
    -(+) NO3 reduction
    -Pulmonary infection
    -#2 isolate
  • Scotochromogens
    (Group II)
    1.M. scrofulaceum
    -(+) Urease
    -Scrofula: cervical lymphadenitis
    2. M. szulgai
    -Photochromogen at 25’C
    -Scotochromogen at 35-37’C
    3. M. gordonae (“Tap water bacillus”)
    4. M. flavescens
    5. M. xenopi
    -Hot and cold H2O taps
    -Cornmeal agar: “Bird’s nest”
    -Optimal growth at 42’C
    -(G) 37’C
    -(NG) 25’C
    -(-) Tellurite reduction
    -(-) Catalase
    6. M. thermoresistible
    -(G) 52’C
  • Non-photochromogens
    (Group III)
    Colony: Cream/buff
    M. terrae-triviale
    -(+) Catalase
    1.M. terrae (“Raddish bacillus”)
    -(NG) NaCl
    b. M. triviale
    -(G) NaCl
    2. M. avium-intracellulare (“Battey bacillus”)
    -(+) Tellurite reduction
    3. M. gastri
    -(+) Urease
    4. M. haemophilum = require hemin (CAP)
    5. M. ulcerans (Buruli)
    6. M. malmoense
    7. M. tuberculosis
  • Rapid Growers
    (Group IV)
    M. fortuitum-chelonae
    -(+) Arylsulfatase
    -(G) MAC
    1. M. fortuitum
    -(+) NO3 reduction
    -(+) 5% NaCl
    -(+) Iron uptake
    b. M. chelonei
    -(-) NO3 reduction
    -(-) 5% NaCl
    -(-) Iron uptake
    2. M. smegmatis
    3. M. phlei (“Hay bacillus”)
  • Growth: 10-21 days 

    Groups I, II, III (Runyon’s Classification)
  • Growth: 3-7 days 

    Group IV (Rapid growers)
  • M. leprae
    Cigarette-packet/picket-fence
    Not cultivable in agar
    Can hydrolyze DOPA
    Tropism to peripheral nerves
    Tx: Dapsone
  • Lepromatous 

    Leonine face
    (-) Lepromine
    ^^^ AFB