Chemistry

• How does the structure and movement differ between a solid, liquid and gas?

  Solid - Strong forces of attraction keeps molecules together, vibrates, not free to move

  
  

  Liquid - Forces strong but allows some movement, can move freely but with restraint

  
  

  Gas - Weak forces of attraction, free to move completely
• What is solid to liquid and liquid to solid?

  Solid to liquid - melting

  Liquid to solid - freezing
• What is liquid to gas and gas to liquid?

  Liquid to gas - evaporation or boiling

  Gas to liquid - Condensation
• What is solid to gas and gas to solid?

  Solid to gas - sublimation

  Gas to solid - deposition
• Explain what dialoution is using an example of water and dye

  A glass of water, dye is placed into the water and dilutes the water, spreading throughout
• What is the difference between a compound and a element?

  An element is only one atom, a compound is two or more atoms
• What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

  The atoms in a mixture are not chemically bonded together but are in a compound
• How many atoms are in a mixture?

  two or more
• What is filtration?


  the process that separates a solid from the liquid using a funnel
• What is fractional distillation used for?

  A process used to separate two liquids with different boiling points
• What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

  Atoms are single particles. Molecules are particles made of two or more atoms bonded together.
• What is the charge and mass of an electron, proton and neutron?

  Proton - +1 & 1

  Electron - -1 & too small to tell

  Neutron - 0 (neutral) & 1
• What is the structure of an atom?

  A nucleus composed of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons in a ring
• What is an isotope?

  atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
• Explain the process of paper chromatography

  1) A pencil line is drawn on paper

  2) A level of solvent is placed in a glass container

  3) Paper placed in upright with dot of the mixture on the pencil line and a lid is placed on top

  4) The mixture will separate into different level dots of colours of the mixture
• Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?

  right side staircase
• What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonding?

  Ionic donates an electron to the other atom while electrons in a covalent bond and shared equally
• What types of metals are in ionic bonding and covalent bonding?

  Ionic - one non metal & one metal

  Covalent - non metals
• Which group number are alkali metals?

  Group 1
• What number group are halogens?

  7
• How do you calculate the percentage of oxygen in the air using iron?

  1. Put iron in bottom of flask and attach tube

  2. Leave Iron for 1 week

  3. Record new reading on syringe
• How much percentage of nitrogen is in the air and percentage of oxygen?

  Nitrogen - 78%

  Oxygen - 21%
• What is the most reactive metal?

  Potassium
• What is the least reactive metal?

  gold
• How can you prevent rusting?

  by coating the iron with a barrier to keep out the water and oxygen
• Litmus paper can be used to distinguish if a solution is acidic and alkaline. What colour does litmus paper turn if a solution is acidic or alkaline?

  Acidic = Red

  Alkaline = Blue
• What number is neutral on the pH scale?

  7
• How do you test for hydrogen?

  Collect gas into test tube

  Light fire on splint and put into tube

  If hydrogen is present it will make a pop noise
• How to do test for carbon dioxide?

  Limewater will go cloudy
• How do you test for chlorine?

  Litmus paper will go white as it is bleached by the chlorine
• What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?

  Endothermic absorbs energy and exothermic releases energy
• What is a catalyst?


  substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
• What is the difference between alkanes and alkenes?

  alkanes only have single bonds of hydrocarbons, alkenes have one double bonds hydrocarbon
• What is a polymer?

  chain of monomers
• The temperature of the melting point of a substance is the same as what other property?


  Freezing point
• What causes iron to rust?

  oxygen and water
• What makes up the mass number of an element?

  protons + neutrons
• What are alkali metals?


  Metals that tarnish with oxygen and water
• The pH scale is used to classify how acidic a solution is. What number is strongly acidic and which number is strongly alkaline?

  Strongly acidic - 0

  Strongly alkaline - 14
• How do you test for oxygen?


  Collect gas in test tube

  Light splint and put into tube

  If oxygen is present, stick will relight into a flame