LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION

• Intellectual Property – refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works designs and symbols, names and images used in commerce a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work.
• Copyright – owners have the right to control the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive payment for that reproduction. An author may grant or sell those rights to others, including publishers or recording companies. Violation of a copyright is called infringement.
• Plagiarism – is an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization; the representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author.
• Ghost Writer - writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own.
• Photocopy - writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without alteration.
• Potluck Paper - writer copies from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing.
• Poor Disguise - writer has altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.
• Labor of Laziness - writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together.
• Self-Stealer - writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work
• Forgotten Footnote - writer mentions an author’s name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced.
• Misinformer - writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them.
• Too-Perfect Paraphrase - writer properly cites a source but neglects to put in quotation marks on text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it.
• Resourceful Citer - writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original work!
• Perfect Crime - writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation
• Fair Use - means you can use copyrighted materials without license only for certain purposes.

  These include:

  1. Commentary
  2. Criticism
  3. Reporting
  4. Research
  5. Teaching
• RESPONSIBLE DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

  • Digital citizenship refers to having the appropriate knowledge and skills to effectively use digital technologies to communicate with others, participate in society and create and consume digital content. Responsible digital citizenship is essential, especially now in the face of a technology saturated world, to helping media and information consumers achieve and understand digital literacy, as well as ensuring cyberbully prevention, online safety, digital responsibility, and digital health & wellness.
• Netiquette

  • Netiquette, or network etiquette, is a set of socially constructed rules and norms for behaving and communicating responsibly in an online environment. Simply stated, it is the etiquette of cyberspace.
• The Core Rules of Netiquette, whenever you communicate in the virtual world

  Rule 1: Remember the human

  Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life

  Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace

  Rule 4: Respect another people’s time and bandwidth

  Rule 5: Make yourself look good online

  Rule 6: Share expert knowledge

  Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control

  Rule 8: Respect another people’s privacy

  Rule 9: Don’t abuse your power

  Rule 10: Be forgiving of another people’s mistakes
• Digital Divide is an inequality or disparity between demographic groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT. Different segments have varying levels of knowledge and access to digital developments due to a number of factors which include, but not limited to: race, age, education, income, socioeconomic status, and geographical location.
• Internet Addiction

  • Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines addiction as “a compulsive, chronic, physiological or psychological need for a habit-forming substance, behavior, or activity having harmful physical, psychological, or social effects.” When we speak of addiction, we commonly associate it with substances like recreational or illegal drugs. However, due to the widespread use of the Internet, the digital age has ushered an addiction that has become a growing concern in society – Internet Addiction.
• Cyberbullying refers to the use of digital communication tools, such as social media, text messages, emails, or online platforms, to harass, intimidate, or harm others. It involves repeated and deliberate hostile behavior aimed at targeting an individual or group, often to cause emotional distress or humiliation.